History 346

Prof. J. Wu

Lecture Outline

Pilipino American Labor and Love

I. Immigration

A. Colonial Migration

1765 Manilamen - seamen who escaped Spanish galleons

B. Students

1902-1920s pensionados

1910-1938 14,000 nonsponsored students

C. Mainland laborers

1910 406 Pilipinos (109 in Louisiana - Manilamen)

1920 5,603 on mainland

1930 45,208

D. Hawaii

1907-1919 28,500 arrived in Hawaii

1920-1924 29,200

1925-1930 44,000

E. Spanish-American War

"American Nationals"

F. Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934)

1. Philippines as a commonwealth - independence in 10 years

2. Pilipino classified as "aliens" - 50 per year immigration quota

3. Hawaiian plantation laborers allowed, remigration to mainland prohibited

II. Occupations

A. service workers - 25% (11,400) in 1930

B. Alaska salmon fisheries - 9% (4,200) - Alaskeros

C. agricultural workers - 60% (27,000)

D. labor activism

Filipino Labor Union (40% of agricultural work force in Salinas Valley)

National Industrial Recovery Act - right to collective bargaining

III. Social and Cultural Life

A. Manilatowns - compare with Chinatowns and Nihomachis

Ethnic enterprise

Manongs

B. interracial dating and sexuality

"Malays"

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