Aristotle

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Born: 384 BC in Stagirus, Macedonia, Greece
Died: 322 BC in Chalcis, Euboea, Greece

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Aristotle made important contributions by systematizing deductive logic. He also wrote on physical subjects.

Aristotle was not primarily a mathematician but made important contributions by systematizing deductive logic. He wrote on physical subjects: some parts of his Analytica posteriora show an unusual grasp of the mathematical method.

Aristotle was born in northern Greece. Aristotle had a strong interest in anatomy and the structure of living things in general which helped him to develop a remarkable talent for observation.

In 367 Aristotle became a student at Plato's Academy in Athens. Soon he became a teacher at the Academy. After Plato's death in 347 BC, Aristotle joined the court of Hermias of Atarneus. In 343 BC he became tutor to the young Alexander the Great at the court of Philip II of Macedonia.

In 335 BC Aristotle founded his own school the Lyceum in Athens. The Academy had become narrow in its interests after Plato 's death but the Lyceum under Aristotle pursued a broader range of subjects. Prominence was given to the detailed study of nature.

After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC, anti-Macedonian feeling in Athens made Aristotle retire to Chalcis where he died the following year.

References:

1. Dictionary of Scientific Biography
2. Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica
3. I Düring, Aristotle in the Ancient Biographical Tradition (1957).
4. J Lukasiewicz, Aristotle's Syllogistic from the Standpoint of Modern Formal Logic (1967).
5. S Waterlow, Nature, Change, and Agency in Aristotle's "Physics" (1982).
6. T L Heath, Mathematics in Aristotle (Oxford, 1949).
7. H B Veatch, Aristotle, a contemporary appreciation (Bloomington, 1974).
8. J Barnes, Aristotle (Oxford, 1982).