French Interest in Morocco

I. Algeria

II. Pénétration Pacifique

A. 1902 Franco-Moroccan Treaty

III. Great Powers diplomatic maneuvers

IV. Théophile Delcassé’s 1904 announcement

V. “Makhzen Policy”

VI. Berber opposition

VII. First Morocco Crisis, 1905

A. Algeciras Conference, Jan 1906

French Intervention, Stage I

I. General Lyautey’s occupation of Oujda, Mar 1907

A. Pacification of the Beni Snassen

II. General Drude’s Bombardment and landing at Casablanca

III. Moulay Abd el-Hafid seizes the throne

IV. Western vs. Eastern strategy

V. Pacification of Casablanca

VI. March 1910 Franco-Moulay Hafid deal

“Whatever happens, we have got

The Maxim Gun, and they have not.”

---Hillaire Belloc

French Intervention, Stage II

I. Fez Revolt, Spring 1911

A. “Request” for intervention 4 May/27 April

B. Relief of Fez under General Moinier

II. French de facto protectorate

III. Second Morocco Crisis, 1911

A. Panther at Agadir

IV. Treaty of Fez, 30 Mar 1912

V. Franco-Spanish Treaty, 27 Nov 1912

VI. Jihad

VII. Mutiny at Fez, Apr 1912

Peaceful Pacification

I. Lyautey as Résident Générale

II. Abdication in favor of Moulay Yussuf

III. Battle of Sidi Bou Othmann
IV. Costs of the War