Apple Pie, the Bald Eagle, and Clandestine Activities

I. George Washington’s spy rings

A. Nathan Hale’s one life

II. Secret Service Fund

III. War of 1812

IV. Civil War

A. Confederate Signal and Secret Service Bureau

B. Union intelligence services

1) Bureau of Military Intelligence, 1863

Modernization of US Intelligence

I. Secret Service of the Treasury Department

II. Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI)

A. “Blue Water Fleet”

III. Military Intelligence Division (MID)

IV. Spanish American War

V. Theodore Roosevelt and the politicizing of intelligence analysis

VI. Domestic Intelligence

A. Justice Department’s Bureau of Investigation, 1908

World War I and beyond

I. signals inteligence/MI-8

II. The “Black Chamber”

A. Harry Stimson

III. Budget Cuts for ONI and MID

IV. Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1935

V. Interdepartmental Intelligence Coordinating Committee

World War II

I. William J. Donovan

A. Coordinator of Information (COI)

II. William Stephenson and British Intelligence

III. Office of Strategic Services (OSS)

Post-War

I. Eberstadt Commission

II. Truman’s National Intelligence Authority

III. Truman’s Central Intelligence Group (CIG)

IV. 1947 National Security Act

A. National Security Council (NSC)

B. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

V. National Security Agency (NSA)