Britain and the “New Imperialism”

I. Competition from Europe

II. The Defense of India

Africa and the Victorians

I. Britain and Gladstone—“The Reluctant Imperialists”

A. Egypt

1) The Suez Canal

B. The Sudan

1) The Mahdi

2) Chinese Gordon

3) Khartoum

The Scramble for Africa

I. “The Paper Partition”

II. West Africa

III. East Africa and the Defense of India

A. Anglo-German Colonial Agreement, 1 July 1890

Britain in India

I. British East India Company

A. “the strangest of all governments designed for the strangest of all empires”--Macaulay

B. “forward policy”

1) Anglo-Afghan Wars

II. Sepoy Mutiny, 1857

III. Costs and contributions of India to Empire

Russia in Central Asia

I. Strategic and trading interests

II. Conquest of the Khanates

III. Railway construction

IV. Russian designs on India?

Afghanistan, the buffer state

I. “Mervousness” and the Afghan Boundary Commission

II. Pamirs Crisis, 1891-2

III. Afghan succession crisis, 1901

Persia, the buffer state

Tibet, the buffer state

I. British border protectorates of Sikkim, Bhutan and Nepal

II. Agvan Dorjiev

III. Younghusband Expedition, 1904