1848 Revolutions

I. Announcements and Questions

A. midterm on 10/23 – study guide on the web

B. Complete Lecture from previous Wednesday

C. Questions

1. what kinds of political transformations did Europeans experience during 1830s and 1840s? How were these political challenges of different from those of the 18^th century?

2. What was the relationship between the different ideologies of the first half of the 19^th century and the Revolutions of 1848?

3. what caused there to be a cluster of revolutions throughout Europe in the late 1840s?

4. What was the immediate aftermath of the 1848 revolutions?

II. 1848 revolutions: have a cluster of them during 1848

A. Causes of 1848 Revolution

1. Political: rejection of the conservative order

2. ideological changes

3. economic causes

B. France

1. Grievances

2. The February revolution

3. provisional government

4. National Assembly

5. May-November Revolutions

C. German States

1. Causes

2. Prussia

3. Frankfurt Parliament

4. Restoration

D. Austrian Empire

E. places not affected by revolution

III. Aftermath

Questions for section and lecture

• What led to the 1848 revolutions?

• in what ways were the 1848 experiences different in different national contexts? Why didn’t England experience an 1848 revolution?

• For lecture: who was Bismarck? How did he characterize German nationalism?

TERMS

Holy Alliance

Quadruple Alliance

Frederick Wilhelm IV

Nicholas I

1830 French Revolution

Charles X

Louis Phillipe

Belgian Independence

1848 Revolutions

February Banquet

National Workshops

Second French Republic

Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte

Frankfurt Parliament

Großdeutsch v. Kleindeutsch solutions

Franz Joseph