History 112 Final Exam Study Guide

Part I

Please address ONE of the following questions. Make sure that you create a clear argument and that you support your argument with examples from the readings, lectures, and discussions (25 points). Two of the following essay questions will be on your exam.

(1) You are writing a comprehensive history of the twentieth century and must decide which event – the Enlightenment, the French Revolution of 1789, Imperialism, The First World War, the Russian Revolution, or the Nazi seizure of power - was most decisive in reshaping and redefining the history of Europe. What was most decisive? How did it change the social, political, economic, OR ideological history of Europe? Please make sure to use at least one of the following sources in your response: King Louis XIV “Letter to His Heirs,” “What is Enlightenment?,” Emile, “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen”, “The Declaration of the Rights of Woman”, “Napoleonic Code,” “On French Colonial Expansion,” “A Historian promotes militant nationalism,” All Quiet on the Western Front, “Call to Power,” “Enough is Enough! Against the Masculinization of Women,” “Hitler’s 1941 speech,” Maus, Survival in Auschwitz, and “The Schuman plan on European Unity.”

(2) The British Prime Minister Disraeli once commented, “the unification of Germany was a greater political event than the French Revolution.” What did he mean by that? Do you agree or disagree? What event had a greater impact on Europe and why? Please make sure to use at least one of the following sources in your response: King Louis XIV “Letter to His Heirs,” “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen”, “The Declaration of the Rights of Woman”, “Napoleonic Code,” “On French Colonial Expansion,” “A Historian promotes militant nationalism,” “The Victory of Judaism over Germandom,” Bismarck, “We Germans Fear God…,” All Quiet on the Western Front, “Hitler’s 1941 speech,” Maus, and Survival in Auschwitz.

(3) “The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the French Revolution of 1789 were more similar than they were dissimilar.” Do you agree? If so, why? In your answer, make sure you define what you mean by revolution. Discuss whether the French and Russian revolutions shared common origins, participants, and phases? Also, make sure to discuss whether the two revolutions led to similarly significant, long-lasting change. Please make sure to use at least one of the following sources in your response: “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen”, “The Declaration of the Rights of Woman”, “Napoleonic Code,’ “On French Colonial Expansion,” “Communist Manifesto,” “Call to Power.”

Part II

(4) In 1918 the leaders of some of the “Great Powers” met in Versailles and attempted to restore order to a devastated Europe. Pretend you are a student either in 1939 or in 1950, and that you are to write an essay on the Treaty of Versailles, stating whether or not you believe that these leaders were successful in turning the clock back. What political and ideological changes have taken place? Make sure you include a discussion of at least two different countries.

(5) When discussing the ideologies and movements of the nineteenth century, scholars often describe the period as the “century of ‘isms.” What ideologies and movements are they referring to? Choose one ideology from this period. Describe its philosophy and purpose. What crises and challenges did it attempt to resolve? Did this ideology exist before 1850? If so, please trace how it changed over the course of the nineteenth century. Please make sure to use at least one of the following sources in your response: “Erlking” “The Victory of Judaism over Germandom. “We Germans Fear God…”, “My Own Story, “On French Colonial Expansion,” “Trial of Oscar Wilde,” “Communist Manifesto,” “A Historian promotes militant nationalism.”

(6) Most historical studies of modern European history generalize about the ways in which “people” shaped and experienced historical change and fail to consider the differences between those of the majority and those of the minority. To what extent do you think individuals from different minority groups had distinct experiences of, and roles in, shaping historical events? Choose one event/phenomenon from the following -- Rise of Nationalism, the “scramble for Africa,” World War I, the Russian Revolution, or the Nazi rise to power -- and discuss how gender, religious minority status, racial status, or social status did or did not shape historical experiences. Please make sure to use at least one of the following sources in your response: “The Victory of Judaism over Germandom. “We Germans Fear God…”, “My Own Story, “On French Colonial Expansion,” “Trial of Oscar Wilde,” “Communist Manifesto,” “A Historian promotes militant nationalism,” All Quiet on the Western Front, “Enough is Enough! Against the Masculinization of Women,” “Hitler’s 1941 speech,” Maus, and Survival in Auschwitz.

Part III

Match a term, phrase or individual in column A with the MOST APPROPRIATE match in column B. Make sure to indicate your answers in your blue book, writing both the number and its corresponding letter. (5 points) These are model questions only. The objectives on your exam will draw from the materials from the lectures and readings SINCE THE MIDTERM (lists of terms can be found on the outlines) http://people.cohums.ohiostate.edu/judd18/112lectoutlines.htm

1. Duma a. force Germany to accept culpability for the war

2. Reichstag b. reduce territory of Hungary

3. Sejm c. governing body in Poland

4. Versailles Treaty d. governing body in Germany

5. Treaty of Trianon e. governing body in Russia

Part IV

Please indicate whether the following statements are true or false. Make sure you indicate your answers in your blue book, writing both the number of the question and its corresponding T or F. These are model questions only. (10 POINTS)

1. The Paris Commune took place before the Franco-Prussian War. T/F

2. After Italian unification in the early 1860s, the new Italian government successfully erased all differences between Italians in the north and south. T/F

3. The Berlin Wall was torn down in 1968. T/F

4. Before he died, Lenin chose Stalin as his successor. T/F

5. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte helped to break down the international system of peaceful diplomacy established at the Congress of Vienna by aggressively pursuing a variety of expansionist policies. T/F

Part V

Please put two of the following three sets of events in chronological order (5 points; 2.5 points per set with no partial credit within each set). Make sure you write your answer in the blue book, making clear which 2 sets you have chosen. These are model questions only.

1 a. Publication of Communist Manifesto

b. 1917 Russian Revolution

c. Meeting of 1^st International

2 a. Einsatzgruppen conduct Aktionen

b. Anschluß (Anschluss)

c. Operation Barbarossa

3 a. Berlin Conference on the “scramble for Africa”

b. Morocco Crisis

c. Franco-Prussian War