General Background

Belz, Herman. Reconstructing the Union: Theory and Practice During the Civil War. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1969.

Carter, Dan T., When the War Was Over: The Failure of Self-Reconstruction in the South, 1865-1867. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985.

Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877. New York: Harper and Row, 1988.

McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Southern Civilians/Property in the Zone of Active Operations

Ash, Stephen V. When the Yankees Came: Conflict and Chaos in the Occupied South, 1861-1865. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.

Barrett, John G. Sherman's March Through the Carolinas. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1956.

Fellman, Michael. Inside War: The Guerrilla Conflict in Missouri During the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Fisher, Noel C. War at Every Door : Partisan Politics and Guerrilla Violence in East Tennessee, 1860-1869. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.

Glatthaar, Joseph T. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Sherman's Troops in the Savannah and Carolinas Campaigns. New York: New York University, 1985.

Grimsley, Mark. The Hard Hand of War: Union Military Policy Toward Southern Civilians, 1861-1865. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1861-1865.

Lucas, Marion Brunson. Sherman and the Burning of Columbia. College Station: Texas A. & M. University Press, 1976.

Neely, Mark E., Jr. "Was the Civil War a Total War?" Civil War History 37 (1991):5-28.

Royster, Charles. The Destructive War: William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, and the Americans. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991.

Schelling, Thomas C. Arms and Influence. New Haven and London: Yales University Press, 1966.

Smoke, Richard. War: Controlling Escalation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Belknap Press, 1977.

The Army, Emancipation, and the Freedmen

Berlin, Ira et al. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982-.

__________. Slaves No More: Three Essays on Emancipation and the Civil War. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Eaton, John. Grant, Lincoln, and the Freedmen. Reprint. New York: Negro Universities Press, 1969 [1907].

Franklin, John H. The Emancipation Proclamation. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1963.

Gerteis, Louis S. From Contraband to Freedman: Federal Policy Toward Southern Blacks, 1861-1865. Contributions in American History No. 29. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1973.

Litwack, Leon F. Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979.

Quarles, Benjamin, The Negro in the Civil War. Boston: Little, Brown, 1953.

Walker, Cam. "Corinth: The Story of a Contraband Camp." Civil War History 20 (March 1974):5-22.

Military Government and Reconstruction

Capers, Gerald M. Occupied City: New Orleans Under the Federals, 1862-1865. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1965.

Dawson, Joseph G. III. Army Generals and Reconstruction: Louisiana, 1862-1877. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982.

Freidel, Frank. "General Orders 100 and Military Government," Mississippi Valley Historical Review 32 (1946): pp. 541-556.

Futrell, Robert J. "Federal Military Government in the South, 1861-1865." Military Affairs 15 (Winter 1951):181-191.

Gabriel, Ralph H. "American Experience with Military Government." American Historical Review 49 (1944):630-643.

Govan, Gilbert E., and James W. Livingood. "Chattanooga Under Military Occupation, 1863-1865." Journal of Southern History 17 (1951):23-47.

Halleck, Henry W. International Law; or, Rules Regulating the Intercourse of States in Peace and War. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1861.

Hartigan, Richard S. Lieber's Code and the Law of War. Chicago: Precedent, 1983.

McCrary, Peyton. Abraham Lincoln and Reconstruction: The Louisiana Experiment. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978.

Maslowski, Peter. Treason Must Be Made Odious: Military Occupation and Wartime Reconstruction in Nashville, Tennessee, 1862-65. Milwood, NY: KTO Press, 1978.

Rable, George C. But There Was No Peace: The Role of Violence in the Politics of Reconstruction. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1984.

Sefton, James E. The United States Army and Reconstruction, 1865-1877. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1967.

Simpson, Brooks D. "Let Us Have Peace": Ulysses S. Grant and the Politics of War and Reconstruction, 1861-1868. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.

Thomas, Benjamin P., and Harold M. Hyman. Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln's Secretary of War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.

Trelease, Allen W. White Terror: The Ku Klux Klan Conspiracy and Southern Reconstruction. New York: Harper and Row, 1971.

Zuczek, Richard. State of Rebellion: Reconstruction in South Carolina. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1996.

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