HIS 6413.001 
Harvey J. Graff 
Spring, 2001 
HSS 4.04.20 
Tues., 5:30-8:15 
458-7353 
office hrs: Tues., 4:00-5:00 and by appointment

 
Growing Up in America 


Childhood and children, the young more generally, it has long been said, reflect and exemplify their culture and society. In behavior, in styles of rearing and raising, in expression across the media and the plastic arts, modes and experiences of growing up, it has been urged repeatedly, provide special indicators and clues to the nature of a social or cultural realm, its values and priorities. If this is true, "growing up" is a key topic for inquiry across the social sciences, humanities, and arts, and through time and space.


Did childhood exist in the past, or is it a modern invention? Are childhood and adolescence, as we have known them, and as some claim, disappearing? Are they biological or "natural" and universal stages of human development, or at least in part the products of society and culture and history? Do childhood and children have a future? How different from today was growing up in the past? How did the young mature in past times, and what relationships to current patterns does that past have?


This course asks a number of important questions about the changing experiences and meanings of growing up--childhood, adolescence, youth, "coming of age" in social and cultural historical context. In contrast to most contemporary views, it looks seriously at the past, at the history of growing up, as a comparison to the present and as the specific context from which today's patterns and problems developed. History provides a rich laboratory in which current notions about growing up--for example, from psychology, anthropology, sociology, human developmental studies, the arts and letters, and related areas--may be explored and tested. The relevance, usefulness, and accuracy of theories that relate to growing up will be examined in historical context and probed over a broad expanse of time. History, this course presumes, has an importance in advancing our understanding of difficult, often highly emotional issues than has not been considered sufficiently or seriously.


A wide variety of evidence, including films and novels, and a number of different research traditions and approaches constitute the course content. Social and social policy criticism from a critical historical basis are also considered. A new, broad, rich, and interdisciplinary understanding of growing up and its contemporary and future challenges is the course goal. 


Requirements & Evaluation:
1. regular attendance, preparation, and participation (approximately 25% of final grade)
2. informal oral reports on assigned and/or library materials (approx. 15% of final grade). Length and number will depend on the size of the class
3. a brief essay (3-4 pages) critically evaluating a visual or a literary source--selected from course materials--for its historical usefulness (approx. 20% of final grade). Due at the mid-point of the course: Week 7, at class time
4. an exploratory essay of a topic or question relating to children, adolescents, youth, and related areas, exploring secondary and primary sources to establish areas for further research, research questions, and research agendas (10-15 pages: topics and length determined in consultation with the instructor) (approx. 40 % of final grade). Due no later than May 1 (tentative).


To receive support services, students with disabilities must register with the Office of Disability Services (MS 2.03.18; 458-4157-voice; 458-4981-TTY) 


Scholastic honesty is expected and required. Information on scholastic dishonesty, including plagiarism, is provided in the Student Handbook. See also the statement in the UTSA Graduate Catalog. When in doubt, consult the instructor. 


Books ordered for bookstores (all paperbound): Note where there is a choice of books
Harvey J. Graff, ed., Growing Up in America: Historical Experiences. Wayne State University Press, 1987
Linda Pollock, Forgotten Children: Parent-Child Relations from 1500 to 1900. Cambridge U.P., 1983
Mary P. Ryan, Cradle of the Middle Class. Cambridge U.P., 1980
Anzia Yezierska, The Bread Givers. Persea, 1975
J.D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye. 1951
W. Norton Grubb and Marvin Lazerson, Broken Promises: How Americans Fail Their Children. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1988

Recommended:
Philippe Aries, Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life. Vintage, 1962
Joe Austin and Michael Nevin Willard, eds., Generations of Youth . . Twentieth Century America. New York Univ. Press, 1998
Sandra Cisneros, The House on Mango Street. Vintage, 1991 
Todd Gitlin, The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage. Bantam, 1987
Harvey J. Graff, Conflicting Paths: Growing Up in America. Harvard UP, 1995

"Primary": Choose one of each pair.
Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life. . . an American Slave. New American Library, 1968
OR
Lucy Larcom, A New England Girlhood. Northeastern U.P., 1986 


Edward Eggleston, The Hoosier Schoolmaster. Indiana U.P., 1984
OR
Stephen Crane, Maggie, A Girl of the Streets. Fawcett, 1960


Richard Wright, Black Boy. Perennial Classic, 1966
OR
E.L. Doctorow, World's Fair. Random House, 1985

Alix Kates Shulman, Memoirs of an Ex-Prom Queen. Bantam, 1973
OR
Claude Brown, The Children of Ham. Stein and Day, 1976

* Library reserve reading 
 


 
 
HIS 6413
Spring, 2001
Harvey J. Graff

Growing Up in America:  Syllabus 


Week 1. (1/16) Introduction: Questions, Issues, Approaches


Harvey J. Graff, ed., Growing Up in America: Historical Experiences
GUA . Wayne State UP, 1987, Part I, readings 1-4
Graff, Conflicting Paths: Growing Up in America. Harvard UP, 1995, Preface & Introduction

Film: "Lord of the Flies" (90) 




Week 2. (1/23) "Great Debates" I


*Philippe Aries, Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family
Life. Vintage, 1962 (1960), Part I, esp. chs. I,II,III,V, conclusion; Part II conclusions; skim Part III, pps. 15-61, 100-135, 329336, 398-407, 411-415
*Adrian Wilson, "The Infancy of the History of Childhood: An Appraisal of Philippe Aries," History & Theory, 19 (1980), 132-153
*Richard T. Vann, "The Youth of Centuries of Childhood," History & Theory, 21 (1982), 279-297
*Keith Thomas, "Children in Early Modern England," in Children and their Books, ed. Gillian Avery and Julia Briggs (Oxford UP, 1989), 45-77

Optional:
*Anthony Burton, "Looking forward from Aries: Pictorial and material evidence for the history of childhood and family life," Continuity and Chancre, 4 (1989), 203-230
*Ludmilla Jordanova, "Conceptualizing Childhood in the Eighteenth Century: The Problem of Child Labour," British Journal of Eighteenth-Century Studies, 10 (1987), 189-199, and "Children in History: Concepts of Nature and Society," in Children, Parents, and Politics, ed. Geoffrey Scarre (Cambridge UP, 1989), 3-24
Michael Mitterauer, A History of Youth (Blackwell, 1992 [1986])

Film: "The Return of Martin Guerre" (111)



Week 3. (1/30) "Great Debates" II


Linda Pollock, Forgotten Children: Parent-Child Relations from 1500 to 1900. Cambridge, 1983, chs. 1,2,7, skim rest of book

References: "Traditions"
Lawrence Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England. Harper and Row, 1977
Lloyd DeMause, "The Evolution of Childhood," The History of Childhood, ed. DeMause (Psychohistory Press, 1974), 1-74
Barbara Hanawalt, Growing Up in Medieval London. Oxford UP, 1993
Michael Mitterauer, A History of Youth. Blackwell, 1993 (1986)
Edward Shorter, The Making of the Modern Family. Basic Books, 1975
David Hunt, Parents and Children in History. Basic, 1970
Louise Tilly and Joan Scott, Women, Work and Family. Holt, Rinehart, 1978
Hugh Cunningham, The Children of the Poor. Blackwell, 1991
Philip Greven, Jr., The Protestant Temperament. Knopf, 1977
John Demos, Past, Present, and Personal. Oxford, 1986
Carl Degler, At Odds: Women and the Family from the Revolution. Oxford, 1980



Week 4. (2/6) Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century Beginnings of Growing Up in America: Change and Continuity, Variations on Themes/Eighteenth-Century Transitions: Rebellions Over the Land


GUA, 5-10

and select from:
* Natalie Zemon Davis, "The Reasons of Misrule: Youth Groups and Charivaris in Sixteenth-Century France," Past & Present, 50 (1971), 41-75 *J. H. Plumb, "The New World of Children in Eighteenth-Century England," Past and Present, 67 (1975), 64-95
*Margaret J.M. Ezell, "John Locke's Images of Childhood," Eighteenth Century Studies, 17 (1983/84), 139-155
*Linda K. Kerber, "Daughters of Columbia: Educating Women for the Republic, 1787-1805," in The Hofstadter Aegis, ed. Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitterick (Knopf, 1974). 36-59
*Jacqueline S. Reinier, "Rearing the Republican Child: Attitudes and Practice in Post-Revolutionary Philadelphia," William and Mary Quarterly, 39 (1982), 150-163

References:
Edmund Morgan,The Puritan Family. Harper and Row, 1965 (1940)
Barry Levy, Quakers and the American Family. Oxford, 1988
Philip Greven, Jr., Protestant Temperament Greven, Four Generations. Cornell, 1970
Daniel Vickers, Farmers and Fishermen. North Carolina, 1994
Glenn Wallach, Obedient Sons. Massachusetts, 1997
Karin Calvert, Children in the House: The Material Culture of Early Childhood, 16001900. Northeastern, 1992 children in Southern colonies [citations on request]

Film: "The Wild Child" (85)



Week 5. (2/13) Diversity and Early Transformations: Commercialization, Migration, Urbanization. Family Change and Growing Up Change, c. 1780s-1840s


GUA, 11-17 (skip 15)

"Primary" , choose from:
 Frederick Douglass, Autobiography. New American Library, 1968 [1845] or
 Lucy Larcom, A New England Girlhood. Northeastern UP, 1986 [1889]

References:
Wilma King, Stolen Childhood: Slave Youth. Indiana UP, 1995
Marie Schwartz, Born in Bondage: Growing Up Enslaved in the AntebellumSouth. Harvard, 2000

Films from the American Social History Project (75):  Daughters of Free Men," "The Five Points," "Doing All They Can";



Week 6. (2/20) Early Modernity: Remaking Growing Up in Nineteenth-Century America. A Case Study


Mary P. Ryan, Cradle of the Middle Class. Cambridge, 1980

References: [citations on masculinity and femininity upon request]
Joseph Kett, Rites of Passage: Adolescence in America. 1790 tothe Present. Basic, 1977
John Gillis, Youth and History. Academic Press, 1981
John Springhall, Coming of Age: Adolescence in Britain. Gill and Macmillan, 1986
Harry Hendrick, Imaqes of Youth. ..1880-1920. Oxford UP, 1990
Christie Anne Farnum, The Education of the Southern Belle. NYU Press, 1994
E. Anthony Rotundo, American Manhood. Basic, 1993
Christine Stansell, City of Women. Knopf, 1986
Susan Grey Osterud, Bonds of Community. Cornell, 1991
Joan Jensen, Loosening the Bonds: Mid-Atlantic Farm Women. Yale, 1986
Lee Chambers-Schiller, Liberty. A Better Husband. Yale, 1984
Michael B. Katz, The People of Hamilton Harvard, 1975
Michael B. Katz, et al, The Social Organization of Early IndustrialCapitalism. Harvard, 1982
Anne Boylan, Sunday School Yale, 1988
James Marten, The Children's Civil War. North Carolina, 1998
Calvert, Children

Film: "The Molders of Troy" (1990 )



Week 7. (2/27) Slouching toward Modern Ways: Contradictions and Irregularity in the Transformations toward Modern Paths of Growing Up


Select from:
*Viviana Zelizer, "The Price and Value of Children," American Journal of Sociology, 86 (1991), 1036-1056
*Bruce Bellingham, "Institution and Family: An Alternative View of Nineteenth-Century Child Saving," Social Problems, 33 (1986),
 S33-57
*         , "Waifs and Strays: Child Abandonment, Foster Care, and Families in Mid-Nineteenth-Century New York," in The Uses of Charity, ed. Peter Mandler (Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1990), 123-160
*         , "The 'Unspeakable Blessing': Street Children, Reform Rhetoric,and Misery in Early Industrial Capitalism," Politics & Society, 12 (1983), 303-330
*Linda Gordon, "Single Mothers and Child Neglect, 1880-1920,11 AmericanQuarterly, 37 (1985), 173-192

"Primary, " choose one of :
Edward Eggleston, The Hoosier Schoolmaster. Indiana UP, 1984 [1871] or
Stephen Crane, Maggie. Girl of the Streets. Fawcett, 1960 [1893]

References (weeks 7 & 8):
Viviana Zelizer, Pricing the Priceless Child: The Changing Social Value of Children. Basic, 1985
Gary Cross, Kid's Stuff: Toys. ...Harvard UP, 1997
David Nasaw, Children of the City at Work and at Play. Doubleday, 1985
Howard Chudacoff, How Old Are You? Age Consciousness in American Culture. Princeton, 1989
Elliott West, Growinq UP with the Country: Childhood on the Far Western Frontier. Univ. of New Mexcio Press, 1989
Timothy Hacsi, Second Home: Orphan Asylums and Poor Families in America.  Harvard UP, 1997
Kenneth Cmiel, A Home of Another Kind. Chicago, 1995
Eric C. Schneider, In the Web of Class: Delinquents and Reformers in Boston. 1810s-1930s. NYU Press, 1992

Slides from Canada's Visual History series

First essays due



Week 8. (3/6) Change and Continuity: The Incomplete Revolution Among the Young. Policy, Institutions, the State, the Family, and Gender


GUA, 18-24 [for two+ weeks]

and Select from:
*Michael W. Sedlak, "Young Women and the City: Adolescence, Deviance and the Transformation of Educational Policy," History of EducationQuarterly, 23 (1983), 1-28
*         , "Youth Policy and Young Women, 1870-1972, II Social Service Review, 56 (1982), 448-464
*Steven L. Schlossman and Stephanie Wallach, "The Crime of Precocious Sexuality," Harvard Educational Review, 48 (1978), 65-94
*Joan J. Brumberg, "'Ruined' Girls: Changing Community Responses to Illegitimacy in Upstate New York, 1890-1920," Journal of Social  History,18 (1984), 247-272
* _       , "Chlorotic Girls, 1870-1920: A Historical Perspective on Female Adolescence," Child Development, 53 (1982), 1468-1477.

References:
Linda Gordon, Heroes of their Own Lives: The Politics and History of Family Violence. Penguin/Viking, 1988
Miriam Formanek-Brunell, Made to Play House. Yale UP, 1993/
Steven Schlossman, Love and the American Delinquent. Chicago, 1977
Barbara Brenzel, Daughters of the State. MIT, 1983
LeRoy Ash by, Saving the Waifs. Temple, 1984
Joan J. Brumberg, Fasting Girls. Harvard, 1988



Spring Break 3/12-3/17



Week 9. (3/20) Turning the Century: A Progressive Synthesis? Reforming the Young


GUA, 18-24 [for two weeks]
*Eli Zaretsky, "The Place of the Family in the Origins of the Welfare State," in Re-Thinking the Family, ed. B. Thorne and M. Yalom
(Longman, 1982), 188-224.

"Primary":
Anzia Yezierska, The Bread Givers. Persea, 1975 [1925]

References: on "reform," immigration, class, ethnicity, race, high schools, etc. [citations on request], and/or
Linda Gordon, The Great Arizona Orphan Abduction. Harvard, 1999
Susan Tiffin, In Whose Best Interest? Child Welfare Reform in the Progressive Era. Greenwood, 1982
Kriste Lindenmeyer, "A Right to Childhood": U.S. Children's Bureau.  Illinois, 1997
Sonya Michel, Children's Interests Mother's Rights: The Shaping of America's Child Care Policy. Yale, 1999
Joanne J. Meyerowitz, Women Adrift: Independent Wage Earners in Chicago. 1880-1930. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1988
Kathy Peiss, Cheap Amusements: Working Women and Leisure in Turn-of-theCentury New York. Temple, 1986
Nan Enstad, Ladies of Labor. Girls of Adventure. Columbia, 1999
Lisa Fine, The Souls of the Skyscraper: Female Clerical Workers in Chicago, 1870-1930. Temple, 1990
Ileen A. DeVault, Sons and Daughters of Labor. Cornell, 1990
Regina G. Kunzel, Fallen Women. Problem Girls. Yale UP, 1993
Ruth M. Alexander, The "Girl Problem": New York. 1900-1930. Cornell UP, 1995
Mary E. Odem, Delinquent Daughters ...1885-1920. University of North Carolina Press, 1995
Lynn D. Gordon, Gender and Higher Education in the Progressive Era. Yale, 1990
Elizabeth Ewen, Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars. Monthly Review, 1985
Miriam Cohen, Workshop to Office. Cornell, 1992

Film: "My Brilliant Career" (101)



Week 10. (3/27) Twentieth-Century Transitions I c. 1900s-1940s


GUA, 25-31 [for next two weeks]
and select from:
*Michael Anderson, "The Emergence of the Modern Life Cycle in Britain," Social History, 10 (1985), 69-87 OR
*Peter Uhlenberg, "Changing Configurations of the Life Course," in Transitions, ed. Tamara K. Hareven (Academic, 1978), 65-98
*John Modell and Madeline Goodman, "Historical Perspectives," in At the Threshold:   The Developinq Adolescent, ed. S. Shirley Feldman and Glen R. Elliott (Harvard,1990), 93-122

"Primary," choose one of:
Richard Wright, Black Boy. Perennial Classic, 1966 [1937] OR
E.L. Doctorow, World's Fair. Random House, 1985

Optional:
Richard Wall, "The Age at Leaving Home," Journal of Family History, 3 (1978), 181-202; "Leaving Home and Living Alone: An Historical Perspective," Population Studies, 43 (1989), 369-389

References (for next two-three weeks):
Joe Austin and Michael Nevin Willard, eds., Generations of Youth. ..Twentieth Century America. NYU Press, 1998
Reed Ueda, Avenues to Adulthood: The Origins of the High School in an American Suburb. Cambridge UP, 1987
Beth Bailey, From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America. Johns Hopkins, 1988
Paula Fass, The Damned and the Beautiful: American Youth in the 1920s Oxford, 1978
John Modell, Into One's Own: From Youth to Adulthood in the UnitedStates, 1920-1975. Univ. of California, 1989.
Ellen K. Rothman, Hearts and Hands: A History of Courtship in America.  Basic, 1984
John D'Emilio and Estelle Freedman, Intimate Matters: A History of  Sexuality in America. Harper and Row, 1988
Jeffrey P. Moran, Teaching Sex. Harvard, 2000

Film: "Rebel Without a Cause" (111)



Week 11. (4/3) Twentieth-Century Transitions II c. 1940s-1960s

GUA, 25-31 [for two weeks]

J.D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye
select from:
*Susan Cahn, "Spirited Youth or Fiends Incarnate: The Samarcand Arson Case and Female Adolescence in the American South," Journal of Women's History, 9 )1998), 152-180
*Regina Kunzel, "Pulp Fictions and Problem Girls: Reading and Rewriting  Single Pregnancy in the Postwar United States," American Historical Review, 100 (1995) 1465-1487

Optional:
Sandra Cisneros, The House on Mango Street
*Vicki Ruiz, "'Star Struck' : Acculturation, Adolescence, and the Mexican American Woman, 1920-1950," in Building With Our Own Hands: NewDirections in Chicana Studies, ed. Adela de la Torre and Beatriz M. Pesquera (Univ. of California Press, 1993), 109-129;
*Ruiz, "Oral History and La Mujer: The Rosa Guerro Story," in Women on the U.S.-Mexico Border: Responses to Change, ed. Ruiz and Susan Tiano (Allen & Unwin, 1987), 21-231
*Ruiz, "The Flapper and the Chaperone," in her From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth Century America. Oxford, 1998, 51-71

References:
James Gilbert, A Cycle of Outrage: America's Reaction to the Juvenile Delinquent in the 1950s. Oxford, 1986
Kathleen Jones, Taming the Troublesome Child. Harvard, 1999
Elaine Tyler May, Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era. Basic, 1988
William Graebner, Coming of Age. Temple, 1990
Wini Breines, Young. White. and Miserable: Growing Up in the Fifties. Beacon, 1992
Grace Palladino, Teenagers: An American History. Basic Books, 1996
Eric Schneider, Vampires. Dragons. and Egyptian Kinas: Youth Gangs in Postwar New  York. Princeton, 1999
George Sanchez, Becoming Mexican American. ..Los Angeles. 1900-1945. Oxford, 1995
David K. Yoo, Growing Up Nisei. 1924-1949. Illinois, 2000
Douglas Monroy, Mexican Los Angeles from the Great Migration to the Great Depression. California, 1999
writings of Paul Goodman, Edgar z. Friedenberg, David Riesman, etc.

Film: "High School" (75)



Week 12. (4/10) Boom! Boom! Baby Boomers! Radical Youth, Conformist Youth

*George Lipsitz, "Youth Culture, Rock In' Rock, and Social Crises, II in The Sixties:   From Memory to History, ed. David Farber (North Carolina, 1994), 206-234
*Todd Gitlin, The Sixties: Years of Hope. Days of Rage (Bantam, 1987), Part I, et.  passim;
*Michael Brake, Comparative Youth Culture (Routledge, 1985), ch 4., 83- 115


"Primary," choose one of :
Alix Rates Shulman, Memoirs of an Ex-Prom Queen. Bantam, 1973 OR
Claude Brown, The Children of Ham. Stein & Day, 1976

References:
writings of Kenneth Keniston, Theodore Roszak; anthologies on the Sixties; fiction, films, popular culture, etc.
David Farber, The Aqe of Great Dreams. Hill & Wang, 1994, ed., The Sixties
Austin and Willard, eds., Generations of Youth
Andrew Ross and Tricia Rose, eds., Microphone Fiends: Youth Music and Youth  Culture.  Routledge, 1994
Sherrie A. Inness, ed., Delinquents and Debutantes. NYU, 1998

Film: "Street Wise" (92)



Week 13. (4/17) All Fall Down? The Rise and Fall of the Cult of Childhood and Adolescence


GUA., 31-33
Select from:
*Samuel Preston, "Children and the Elderly: Divergent Paths for America's Dependents," Demoqraphy, 21 (1984), 435-457]
*Andrew J. Cherlin, "The Changing American Family and Public Policy," in  The Changing American Family and Public Policy, ed. Cherlin (Urban! , Institute, 1988), 1-29--remainder of volume optional
*Robin Kelley, "Kickin' Reality, Kickin' Ballistics: 'Gangsta Rap' and Postindustrial Los Angeles," Ch. 8 in Kelley, Race Rebels: Culture. Politics. and the Black Working Class (Free Press, 1994), 183-227, 282-294

References (weeks 13-14):
Frank F. Furstenberg and Andrew Cherlin, eds., Divided Families. Harvard UP, 1991
Andrew Cherlin, ed., The Changing American Family. Urban Institute, 1988
Richard R. Nelson and Felicity Skidmore, eds., American Families and the Economy: The High Cost of Living. National Academy Press, 1983
John L. Palmer, et al, eds., The Vulnerable. Urban Institute, 1988
Ellen Greenberger and Laurence Steinberg, When Teenagers Work: ThePsychological and Social Costs of Adolescent Employment. Basic, 1986
"America's Childhood," Daedalus, 122 (Winter, 1993)
Donald Hernandez, America's Children. Russell Sage, 1993
Ruth Sidel, Women and Children Last. Penguin, 1986
      , On Her Own. Viking, 1990
Marie Winn, Children Without Childhood. Penguin, 1984
Valerie Suransky, The Erosion of Childhood. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1982
Neil Postman, The Disappearance of Childhood. Delacorte, 1982
Joel Best, Threatened Children. Chicago, 1990
Alex Kotlowitz, There Are No Children Here. Doubleday, 1991
Marian Wright Edelman, The Measure of Our Success. Beacon, 1992
Fred Hechinger, Fateful Choices: Healthy Youth for the 21st Century. Hill & Wang, 1993
David Hamburg, Today's Children. Times Books, 1992
Irwin Garfinkel, Assuring Child Support. Russell Sage, 1992
Lilian Rubin, Families on the Fault Line. HarperCollins, 1994
William Finnegan, Cold New World. Random House, 1998
Jonathan Kozol, Ordinary Resurrections. Crown, 2000
_____,  Amazing Grace. Crown, 1997
Elizabeth Bartholet, Nobody's Children. Beacon, 1999
Donna Gaines, Teenage Wasteland. Pantheon, 1991
Austin and Willard, eds., Generations of Youth
Ross and Rose, eds., Microphone Fiends , l



Week 14. (4/24) Today?/Tomorrow? Is There a Future for Growing Up in the Age of "the childlike adult and the adultlike child"? Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow


 W. Norton Grubb and Marvin Lazerson, Broken Promises: How Americans Fail Their Children. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1988 [1982]

References: see Week 13, and
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Reed Larson, Being Adolescent. Basic, 1984
Joseph Adelson, Inventing Adolescence. Transaction, 1986
Francis A.J. Ianni, The Search for Structure: A Report on American Youth
Aaron Esman, Adolescence and Culture. Columbia, 1990
Marlis Buchmann, The Script of Life in Modern Society: Entry into Adult- hood in a Changing World. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1989

Film: "Heathers" (102) 


Exploratory essays due



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