BBL 6973  Literacy and Social Change: Historical and Comparative Perspectives

 

BBL 6973

Prof. Harvey J. Graff

Spring 2003

HSS 4.04.20

T 2:00-4:45 p.m.

458-7353; hgraff@utsa.edu

JPL 3.01.56

Office hours: T, R 11-12:00 & by appointment

 

 

 

 

In recent years our understanding of literacy and its relationships to ongoing societies and social change has been challenged and revised. The challenge came from many directions. The “new literacy studies,” as they are often called, together attest to transformations of approaches and knowledge and a search for new understandings. Many traditional notions about literacy and its presumed importance no longer influence scholarly and critical conceptions. The gap that too often exists between scholarly and more popular and applied conceptions is one of the topics we will consider.

 

Among a number of important currents, historical scholarship and critical theories stand out, both by themselves and together. Historical research on literacy has been unusually important in encouraging a reconstruction of the fields that contribute to literacy studies, the design and conduct of research, the role of theory and generalization in efforts to comprehend literacy and, as we say increasingly, literacies (plural). It has insisted on new understandings of “literacy in context,” including historical context, as a requirement for making general statements about literacy, and for testing them, and carries great implications for new critical theories relating to literacy.

 

This seminar investigates these and related changes. Taking a historical approach, we will seek a general understanding of the history of literacy primarily but not exclusively in the West since classical antiquity but with an emphasis on the early modern and modern eras. At the same time, we examine critically literacy’s contributions to the shaping of the modern world and the impacts on literacy from fundamental historical social changes. Among many topics, we will explore communications, language, family and demographic behavior, economic development, urbanization, institutions, literacy campaigns, both political and personal changes, and the uses of reading and writing. A new understanding of the place of literacy and literacies in social development is our overarching goal.

 

Objectives

The seminar has a number of purposes:

·        learning to analyze and critically evaluate ideas, arguments, and interpretations, and practicing analysis and critical evaluation

·        developing and practicing skills in written and oral expression

·        engaging in an interdisciplinary conversation about literacy studies, including but not limited to the historical study of literacy and critical approaches to literacy/cies followed in different disciplines and professions

·        gaining familiarity with some of the major literature in literacy studies across disciplines

·        expanding knowledge of and understanding the value of historical approaches to literacy

·        developing new understandings of literacy’s many and complicated roles and connections in the development of modern societies, cultures, polities, and economies

·        comparing and critically evaluating different approaches, conceptualizations, theories, methods, and sources that relate to the study and understanding of literacy in its many contexts

 

Assignments & Evaluation

a. Regular reading, attendance, and preparation for each class meeting. Attendance is expected and taken into account in evaluation.

b. Preparation for class includes writing 6  2-page commentary papers offering critical perspectives and raising questions about the assigned reading in a particular week. Select any 6 class sessions from week 2 to week 11. In addition, I expect each student to come to all other sessions prepared and with written questions. Papers and questions are due at class at which that topic is discussed. None will be accepted late.

c. Leadership of one or more seminar sessions.

a, b, & c together=40% of final grade

 

d. “Using history” projects:  3  4-5 page papers. Everyone will write one “literacy in context” paper and select  2 other projects from the three areas listed. Each mini-essay is a kind of think-piece or intellectual exercise, in learning about literacy in history and from historical perspective.

1) Sketch: “literacy in context”—what does “literacy in context” mean for a particular time, place, people, and form of literacy?

2) Test a theory of literacy in historical context—a historical experiment

3) Probe critically and evaluate a recently proclaimed “new literacy”

4) Future of literacy—forecast, hypothesize, speculate, judge “the future of literacy” from the perspectives of the history of literacy.

Each paper=20%; 3 papers=60%  Due on weeks 8, 12, and 14

 

 

Assigned reading. A seminar is pointless, and painful, unless the participants have read the assigned material with care. I expect you to read all the material assigned for each week's discussion. Some of the books are out-of-print (not because they have lost their importance or value but because publishers now take books out of circulation very quickly). However, copies of all of them are on reserve in the library. So plan ahead. I encourage you to think about useful questions for discussion, or issues that occur to you after the seminar is over

 

 

Leadership of one or more seminar sessions. One (or depending on the number of students in the class two) student is assigned to lead each seminar. The most important task of this assignment is to present questions and perspectives on the major topics and issues of that week, and on the reading specifically, that will generate good discussion. Think about how you will stimulate discussion. Questions and tasks should be made available to all seminar members prior to class, no later than noon on Tuesdays, at the instructor’s office.

 

Suggestions: choose particularly important passages in the works for analysis, photocopy them, and spend some time on their explication. (Better yet, distribute them in advance, along with discussion questions.) Choose key ideas and terms for elucidation, or focusing on the questions the work asks, its answers, and its relation to larger issues or themes. Collect some reviews from academic journals and serious publications for nonspecialists and organize discussion around the assessment of these evaluations. Remember that the goal is not especially to find out what is wrong with the work, although that is important, but to understand its significance and contribution to large issues and questions. Think of ways of identifying themes and issues that include specific readings but may also look back to earlier weeks or look ahead to future weeks and topics. Depending on class size, the plan for the session might include breaking into small groups with specific tasks for part of the time. Seminar leaders are not expected to be responsible for the entire session.

 

 

Commentary papers. Students should write 6  2-page papers commenting on the week's reading. These should not summarize the book. Rather, the papers should present your reaction to the book: what that strikes you as particularly interesting, important, outrageous, thought-provoking or worth thinking or talking about. They should include questions the reading raises for you and/or questions you wish to raise about the reading. Those questions as well as your comments will help you to prepare for seminar sessions. I will keep track of these papers, but they will not be given formal grades. They are very important. They force you to think about the reading before you come to the seminar, and they give me a good idea of how you are reading the material and how you write.

 

I expect two papers every three weeks, approximately, starting with the second week’s reading assignment. These papers are due at the end of the session at which a book or articles are discussed. They are not acceptable later, and they are an integral part of the seminar. To receive credit for the seminar, you must turn them in on time. I may ask students with especially interesting papers to share with the whole seminar.

 

 

“Using history” projects:  3  4-5 page papers. Everyone will write one “literacy in context” paper and select  2 other projects from the three areas listed. Each mini-essay is a kind of think-piece or intellectual exercise in learning about literacy, including contemporary or possible future dimensions or aspects of literacy, by a careful use of historical approaches; historical evidence, findings, or conclusions; historical and other comparisons, historical perspectives or understanding; and historical criticism. Each paper should be based at least in part on required readings and relevant class discussions. The extensive bibliography that accompanies the syllabus will also be very useful in researching and drafting these exercises. Successful approaches to each of the four very general sets of relationships will define their specific tasks, including historical times, places, and persons, as precisely as possible and set limits to the scope of the paper. Use footnotes or endnotes and other scholarly apparatus as needed.

 

1) Sketch “literacy in context”—what does “literacy in context” mean for a particular time, place, people, and form of literacy? Cast your responses with reference to one (or perhaps two) specific historical time(s). Consider different approaches to “contextualization” including the historical. What is different about historical context? What are its advantages? Its limits? Why do scholars—especially but not only historians—fuss so much about “context(s)”?

 

2) Test a theory of literacy in historical context—a historical experiment in studying the relationships between the kind of statements that claim the status of “theories” and specific historical circumstances that might support, partially support, or contradict the usefulness of the particular theory. Identifying relevant theories associated with literacy—of which the literature and the discourse on literacy are overflowing, on the one hand, and the specific grounds or situations to test it fairly, on the other hand, are critical to this project. Theories with which we are familiar relate to economics, politics, culture, society, group and individual psychology, communications, etc.

 

3) Probe critically and evaluate a recently proclaimed “new literacy” The proliferation of “new literacies”—from critical literacy to historical literacy, cyber literacy, emotional literacy, physical literacy, and the like is endless. While we might need to expand the language and conception of literacy and literacy studies to include multiple or plural literacies beyond “traditional alphabetic literacy,” is there no end to the roll call or hit parade? What are the particular attributes, characteristics, requirements, or definitions we employ when we refer to something as a “literacy”? What are its boundaries? What kinds of status or expectations come with labeling some quality or ability as “a literacy”? How does the history of literacy help in answering these kinds of questions?

 

4) Future of literacy—forecast, hypothesize, speculate, judge “the future of literacy” from the perspectives of the history of literacy--drawing on your understanding of literacy in the past, its changes and continuities, and its significance. How can we use the history of literacy as a laboratory for studying literacy’s futures at different times and places? What influences the development of literacy and literacies? How do those literacies become agents of change or continuity? How does history function as a laboratory for exploring multiple literacies and multiple media, and multiple languages or multilingualism? The task is to use an understanding of literacy, based at least in part on literacy’s history, to help sharpen assumptions and expectations, and ponder the limits and possibilities for change and novelty in the future of literacy and literacies—if, that is, you think that literacy has a “future.”

 

 

Turning in assignments

All work that is turned in for evaluation or grading should be typed, usually double-spaced, with margins of 1-1 ½ inches on all sides; printed in 11 or 12 point font, in a legible type face. Be sure that your printer ribbon or toner allows you to produce clear copies. Follow page or word limits and meet deadlines. Follow any specific assignment requirements (formatting or endnotes or bibliography, for example). Use footnotes and endnotes as necessary and use them appropriately according to the style guide of your basic field. Commentary papers may be “semi-formal” and also use short titles (as long as they are clear) instead of footnotes. Your writing should be gender neutral as well as clear and to the point. If you have a problem, see me, if at all possible, in advance of due dates. Unacceptable work will be returned, ungraded, to you. There will be penalties for work submitted late without excuse.

 

 

Civility

Mutual respect and cooperation, during the time we spend together each week and the time you work on group assignments, are the basis for successful conduct of this course. The class is a learning community that depends on respect, cooperation, and communication among all of us. This includes coming to class on time, prepared for each day’s work: reading and assignments complete, focusing on primary classroom activity, and participating. It also includes polite and respectful expression of agreement or disagreement—with support for your point of view and arguments--with other students and with the professor. It does not include arriving late or leaving early, or behavior or talking that distracts other students. Please turn off all telephones, beepers, electronic devices, etc.

 

Academic Honesty

Scholastic honesty is expected and required. It is a major part of university life, and contributes to the value of your university degree. All work submitted for this class must be your own. Copying or representing the work of anyone else (in print or from another student) is plagiarism and cheating. This is unacceptable in this class and also prohibited by the University. Information on scholastic dishonesty, including plagiarism, is provided in the Student Code of Conduct, Section 203 “Scholastic Dishonesty.”  When in doubt, consult the instructor.

 

Disabilities Services

To receive support services, students with disabilities must register with the Office of Disability Services (MS 2.03.18; 458-4157-voice; 458-4981-TTY)

 

Department of History information

The department office is located in HSS 4.04.06 and is open M-F 8-5:00. Ms. Sherrie McDonald, Administrative Assistant, and Dr. Wing Chung Ng, Chair, are available at 458-4033 or at history@utsa.edu and will be happy to tell you more about the department’s programs and answer questions. Ms. Sylvia Mansour (smansour@utsa.edu; 458-4900) is the undergraduate student advisor, and Dr. Kolleen Guy (kguy@utsa.edu; 458-4371; HSS 4.04.16) is the Graduate Advisor of Record. The department website is at the following URL: http://colfa.utsa.edu/colfa/HIST/home.HTM

 

 

Books

Suggested for purchase:

David Barton, Literacy: An Introduction to the Ecology of Written Language. Blackwell, 1993

            (0-631-19091-0)

William V, Harris, Ancient Literacy Harvard 1989  (0-674-03380-9)

Michael T Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record: England, 1066-1307:. 2nd ed Blackwell.             1993 (0-631-16857-5)

Carlo Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms. Johns Hopkins UP 1980 (0801843871)

David Hall, Cultures of Print. Univ of Massachusetts Press, 1996  (558490493)

Harvey J. Graff, The Literacy Myth: Cultural Integration and Social Structure in the             Nineteenth-Century City. Transaction, 1987 (1979)  (0887388841)

Carl Kaestle, Helen Damon-Moore, Lawrence C. Stedman, Katherine Tinsley, and William             Vance Trollinger, Jr., Literacy in the United States: Readers and Reading Since 1880.   Yale UP 1991 (0300054300)

Mike Rose, Possible Lives: The Promise of Public Education in America. Houghton Mifflin, 1995  (0140236171)

Deborah Brandt, Literacy in American Lives. Cambridge, 2001  (0521003067)

 

Optional:

Harvey J. Graff, The Labyrinths of Literacy. exp. and rev. ed. Pittsburgh, 1995  (0-8229-5562-8)

____, The Legacies  of Literacy. Indiana, 1987   (0253205980)

Janet Cornelius, When I Can Read My Title Clear: Literacy, Slavery, and Religion in the             Antebellum South. University of South Carolina, 1991  (0585322910) OP

Ellen Cushman, Eugene R. Kintgen, Barry M. Kroll, and Mike Rose, eds., Literacy: A Critical

            Sourcebook. Bedford/St. Martins, 2001  (0312250428)

RA Houston, Literacy in Early Modern Europe. Longman, 2002  (0582368103)

David Vincent, The Rise of Mass Literacy: Reading and Writing in Modern Europe. Polity 2000

            (0745614442)

 

 

On reserve--especially important

Harvey J. Graff, ed. Literacy and Social Development: A Reader. Cambridge, 1981. (0-521-            28372-8) 

Robert F. Arnove and Harvey J. Graff, ed., National Literacy Campaigns in Historical and Comparative

            Perspective. Plenum, 1987  (0306424584)

Ellen Cushman, Eugene R. Kintgen, Barry M. Kroll, and Mike Rose, eds., Literacy: A Critical

            Sourcebook. Bedford/St. Martins, 2001  (0312250428)

Mary Jo Maynes, Schooling for the People. Holmes and Meier, 1985  (0841909660)

 

* Library Reserve

 


BBL 6973                                                                                                                   Spring 2003

 

Literacy and Social Change: Historical and Comparative Perspectives

 

Syllabus

 

Jan. 14            1. Introduction

 

Note: suggestions for further reading listed at end of syllabus

 

 

Jan. 21            2. Thinking about Literacy: Old and New

 

            *David Barton, Literacy: An Introduction. . . . Blackwell, 1994, chs. 1, 2, 3,8, 11, 13

            *Harvey J. Graff, The Labyrinths of Literacy.  exp & rev. ed. Pittsburgh, 1995, chs 1,

                        15,16; sample other chapters

 

            *Background: Harvey J. Graff, The Legacies of Literacy: Continuities and

                        Contradictions in Western Society and Culture. Indiana, 1987, Introduction

 

            Rec.: Jack Goody and Ian Watt, “The Consequences of Literacy,” in Literacy

                        Traditional Societies, ed. Goody  Cambridge UP 1968, 27-68

            Ruth Finnegan, “Literacy versus Non-Literacy: The Great Divide,” in Modes of Thought,                       ed. Robin Horton and Finnegan. Faber and Faber, 1973, 112-144

 

 

Jan. 28            3. Ancient Foundings, Ideas, Traditions & Practices

 

            *William V, Harris, Ancient Literacy. Harvard 1989, Parts One & Two, ch. 8

 

            *Background: Harvey J. Graff, The Legacies of Literacy: Continuities and

                        Contradictions in Western Society and Culture. Indiana, 1987, ch. 1

 

 

Feb. 4              4. Transitions to Literacy

 

            *In Literacy and Social Development [LSD], ed. Harvey J. Graff (Cambridge, 1981):

                        (M Clanchy,) E. LeRoy Ladurie

            *Michael T Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record: England, 1066-1307:. 2nd ed.

                        Blackwell, 1993, Introduction; Part II; skim Part 1 for main points and examples

 

            *Background: Harvey J. Graff, The Legacies of Literacy, chs. 2-3

            *RA Houston, Literacy in Early Modern Europe. Longman, 2002

 

 

Feb. 11            5. From Script to Print, Oral to Written, Classical to Vernacular, and                                          Other  Misunderstood Transformations in the Passage from Tradition                                 to Modern

 

            *LSD for Weeks 5 & 6: E Eisenstein, N Z Davis, G Strauss, E Johansson

            *Anthony T. Grafton, “The Importance of Being Printed,” Journal of

                        Interdisciplinary History 11 (1980), 265-286

            *Carlo Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms. Johns Hopkins, 1980

 

            *skim if possible: Elizabeth Eisenstein, The printing press as an agent of change. 2 vols.

            *            Cambridge, 1979; abridged edition, The Printing Revolution in Early

                        Modern Europe. 1983

 

            *Background: Harvey J. Graff, The Legacies of Literacy, chs. 4-5

            *RA Houston, Literacy in Early Modern Europe

 

 

Feb. 18            6. Early Modernity (16-18th Centuries)

 

            *LSD for Weeks 5 & 6: E Eisenstein, N Davis; G Strauss, E Johansson, for 6: Cressy,

                        Lockridge, Spufford, Furet and Ozouf

            *Mary Jo Maynes, Schooling for the People. Holmes and Meier, 1985, chs. 2, 6

            *David D Hall, Cultures of Print: Essays in the History of the Book (Univ. of

                        Massachusetts Press, 1996): “The Uses of Literacy,” “The World of Print,”

                        “Readers and Reading”

            [from Week 5, see also Cressy, Spufford, Davis, Ginzburg, Burke, Strauss,

                        Scribner, others]

 

            *Background: Harvey J. Graff, The Legacies of Literacy, ch. 6

            *R A Houston, Literacy in Early Modern Europe

 

 

Feb. 25            7. The Literacy Myth: Toward Modern Ways

 

            *LSD: Schofield; (Graff,) Judt

            *Harvey J. Graff, The Literacy Myth: Cultural Integration and Social Structure in the

                        Nineteenth-Century City. Transaction, 1987 (1979). Read Part I quickly if you

                        wish

 

            Background, 7. 8, 9: Harvey J. Graff, The Legacies of Literacy, chs. 6-7

            *David Vincent, The Rise of Mass Literacy: Reading and Writing in Modern Europe.

                         Polity 2000

            *Mary Jo Maynes, Schooling for the People. Holmes and Meier, 1985

 

            Rec: Mary Jo Maynes, Schooling for the People. Holmes and Meier, 1985

            David Vincent, The Rise of Mass Literacy: Reading and Writing in Modern Europe.

                        Polity 2000

            Gabriel Tortella, ed., Education and Economic Development Since the

                        Industrial Revolution. Generalitat Valencia, 1990

 

            Readings on economic development and the Industrial Revolution—see Recommended

                        Reading  below

 

 

Mar. 4             8. Reading and its Histories

 

            *Carl Kaestle, Helen Damon-Moore, Lawrence C. Stedman, Katherine Tinsley, and

                        William Vance Trollinger, Jr., Literacy in the United States: Readers and

                        Reading Since 1880. Yale UP 1991  skim ch. 3, read the rest

 

            *Background: Harvey J. Graff, The Legacies of Literacy, chs. 6-7

            *David Vincent, The Rise of Mass Literacy

 

 

Mar. 11            9. Reading Women and African Americans

 

            select: either or both  Cornelius, When I Can Read  or articles on women reading/

                        writing by Nord, Horowitz, Sicherman, Kelley

 

            *Janet Cornelius, When I Can Read My Title Clear: Literacy, Slavery, and Religion

                        in the Antebellum South. South Carolina, 1991 [if this book is not available, read                             her “We Slipped and Learned to Read: Slave Accounts of the Literacy

                        Process, 1830-1860,” Phylon 44 (1983) 171-186, and perhaps also E. Jennifer

                        Monaghan, “Reading for the Enslaved, Writing for the Free: Reflections on

                        Liberty and Literacy,” Proceedings, American Antiquarian Society, 108 (1998),

                        308-341

 

            *David Nord, Communities of Journalism: A History of American Newspapers and their

                        Readers. Illinois, 2001

            *Helen Horowitz, “Nous Autres: Reading, Passion, and the Creation of M. Carey

                        Thomas,” Journal of American History 79 (1992), 68-95

            *Barbara Sicherman, “Reading and Ambition: M. Carey Thomas and Female Heroism,”

                        American Quarterly, 45 (1993) 73-103

            *_____, “Reading Little Women: The Many Lives of a Text,” in U.S. History as

                        Women’s History, ed. Linda K. Kerber et al (UNC, 1995) 245-266

            *_____. “Sense and Sensibility: A Case Study of Women’s Reading in Late-Nineteenth-

                        Century America,” in Reading in America, ed. Cathy N. Davidson (JHUP, 1989),                         201-225

            *Mary Kelley, “Reading Women/Women Reading: The Making of Learned Women in

                        Antebellum America,” Journal of American History 83 (1996), 401-424

 

 

Spring Break

 

 

Mar. 25            10. 20th C. Literacy Campaigns and their Precedents and Consequences

 

            *LSD: J. Galtung; E. Verne

            *Robert F. Arnove and Harvey J. Graff, ed., National Literacy Campaigns in

                        Historical and Comparative Perspective. Plenum, 1987, Introduction and at least

                        two other case study chapters, or choose from titles below, at least one of them

                        from the twentieth century

                        [introduction also included in Graff, Labyrinths, ch. 14]

 

            Select from:

            Ben Eklof, Russian Peasant Schools, 1861-1914. California, 1986

            Jeffrey Brooks, When Russia Learned to Read: Literacy and Popular Literature, 1861-

                        1917. Princeton, 1985

            Evelyn Rawski, Education and Popular Literacy in Ch’ing China. Michigan 1979

            Glen Peterson, The Power of Words: Literacy and Revolution in South China 1949-95. 

                        UBC, 1997

            Colin Lankshear with Moira Lawler, Literacy, Schooling and Revolution. Falmer, 1987

            Robert Arnove, “The Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade of  1980,” Comparative

                        Education Review, 25 (1981), 244-260

            _____, Education and Revolution in Nicaragua. Praeger, 1986

            _____, Education as Contested Terrain: Nicaragua, 1979-1993. Westview, 1994

            Jonathan Kozol, “A New Look at the Literacy Campaign in Cuba,” Harvard

                        Educational Review, 48 (1978), 341-377

            _____, Children of the Revolution. Delacorte, 1978

 

 

April 1 11. Literacies and Lives

 

            *Mike Rose, Possible Lives: The Promise of Public Education in America. Houghton

                        Mifflin, 1995

 

            Rec.: Mike Rose, Lives on the Boundary: The Struggles and Achievements of

                        America’s Underprepared Free Press, 1989

            Ralph Cintron, Angels’ Towns: Chero Ways, Gang Life, and Rhetorics of the

                        Everyday. Beacon,  1997

            Jonathan Kozol, Amazing Grace: The Lives of Children and the Conscience of a

                        Nation. Crown, 1965

            _____, Ordinary Resurrections: Children in the Years of Hope. Crown, 2000

 

            Shirley Brice Heath, Ways With Words: Language, Life, and Work in Communities

                        and Class Rooms. Cambridge, 1983

            David Barton and Mary Hamilton. Local Literacies: Reading and Writing in One

                        Community. Routledge,  1998

            David Barton, Mary Hamilton, and Roz Ivanic, eds. Situated Literacies: Reading and

                        Writing in Context. Routledge, 2000

            Eve Gregory and Ann Williams, City Literacies: Learning to Read Across Generations

                        and Cultures. Routledge 2000

 

 

April 8 & 15                12. & 13. Work on projects; meet with instructor

 

 

April 22.            14. The Twentieth Century in Historical Context/ The Myth of Decline &                               The Future of Literacy/ies

 

            *Deborah Brandt, Literacy in American Lives Cambridge, 2001

 

            Projects due

 

            *Background: Harvey J. Graff, The Legacies of Literacy, Epilogue

            *_____, The Labyrinths of Literacy, passim

            *David Vincent, The Rise of Mass Literacy

            *Literacy: A Critical Sourcebook, Parts 5,6 & 7

 

Note: Recent writings on literacy in all its aspects including teaching and learning, the “condition of literacy,” popular culture, “skills,” literacy crises and responses, from a dizzying number of perspectives, are far too many to list. It’s difficult not to trip over them! Caveat lector.

:

            Sample from

            Walter Ong, Orality and Literacy. Methuen, 1982

            Jack Goody, The Domestication of the Savage Word. Cambridge 1997

            E.D. Hirsch, Cultural Literacy. Houghton Mifflin; his followers; and their critics

            Henry Milner, Civic Literacy. University Press of New England, 2002

            Sven Birkerts, The Gutenberg Elegies. Fawcett, 1994

            Bill Cope and Mary Kalantzis, eds. Multiliteracies: Literacy Learning and the

                        Design of Social Futures. Routledge, 2000

            Margaret A. Gallego and Sandra Hollingsworth, eds. What Counts as Literacy:

                        Challenging the School Standard. Teachers College 2000

            Colin Lankshear and Peter McLaren, eds, Critical Literacy: Politics, Praxis, and the

                        Postmodern. SUNY, 1993

            James Paul Gee, Glynda Hull, and Colin Lankshear, The New Work Order

                        Westview 1996

            Ramona Fernandez, Imagining Literacy. Texas 2001

            Sonja Lanehart, Sista Speak! Black Women Kinfolk Talk about Language and

                        Literacy  Texas 2002

            Cynthia L. Selfe, Technology and Literacy in the 21st Century. Southern Illlinois,

                        1999

            Kathleen E. Welch, Electric Rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric, Oralism, and a New

                        Literacy. MIT, 1999

            Ellen J. Esrock, The Reader’s Eye: Visual Imaging as Reader Response  JHUP 1994

            Mark Poster, What’s the Matter with the Internet? Minnesota, 2001

            Andrea A. diSessa, Changing Minds: Computers, Learning, and Literacy. MIT 2000

            Geoffrey Nunberg, ed.: The Future of the Book  California 1996

            R. Howard Bloch and Carla Hesse, eds., Future Libraries. California, 1993

 

 

April 29            15. TBA


Recommended Reading

 

 

2  Thinking about Literacy: Old and New

 

            D.F. McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts. Cambridge1999

            Ellen Cushman, Eugene R. Kintgen, Barry M. Kroll, and Mike Rose, eds., Literacy:

                        A Critical Sourcebook. Bedford/St. Martins, 2001, Parts 1, 2 & 4

            Cambridge Histories of the Book: Great Britain, United States

            Albert Manguel, A History of Reading. Viking, 1996

            Guglielmo Cavallo and Roger Chartier, eds. A History of Reading in the West.

                        Massachusetts, 1999

            David Finkelstein and Alistair McCleery, eds., Book History Reader. Routledge

                        2002

 

 

3  Ancient Foundings, Ideas, Traditions & Practices

 

            Eric Havelock, The Origins of Western Literacy OISE 1976

            _____, Preface to Plato. Harvard, 1963

            _____, The Literate Revolution in Greece and its Consequences Princeton 1982

            _____, “The Preliteracy of the Greeks,” New Literary History 8 (1977), 369-392

            _____, The Muse Learnings to Write. Yale, 1986

            Rosalind Thomas, Oral Tradition & Written Record in Classical Athens. Cambridge

                        1989

            _____, Literacy and Orality in Ancient Greece. Cambridge, 1992

            Jesper Svenbro, Phrasikleia: An Anthropology of Reading in Ancient Greece.

                        Cornell 1988

            Teresa Morgan, Literate Education in the Hellenistic and Roman Worlds.

                        Cambridge 1998

            Histories of writing: eg., H-J Martin,  The History and Power of Writing.

                        Chicago, 1994

 

 

4  Transitions to Literacy

 

            C.P. Wormald, “The Uses of Literacy in Anglo-Saxon England and its

                        Neighbours,” Transactions, Royal Historical Society, 27 (1977). 95-111

            Rosamond McKitterick, The Carolingians and the Written Word.  Cambridge

                        1989

            _____, ed. The Uses of Literacy in Early Mediaeval Europe. Cambridge 1990

            J.K. Hyde, “Some Uses of Literacy in Venice and Florence in the Thirteenth and

                        Fourteenth Centuries,” Transactions, Royal Historical Society,

                        (1979), 109-129

            Steven Justice, Writing and Rebellion: England in 1381. California, 1994

            Janet Coleman, Medieval Readers and Writers, 1350-1400. Columbia 1981

            ____, Public Reading and the Reading Public in Late Medieval England and

                        France. Cambridge, 1996

            Rebecca Krug, Reading Families: Women’s Literate Practice in Late Medieval England.                                   Cornell, 2002

            Franz Bauml, “Varieties and Consequences of Medieval Literacy and Illiteracy,”

                        Speculum, 55 (1980), 237-265

            Brian Stock, The Implications of Literacy. Princeton, 1983

            _____, Listening for the Text. JHUP 1990

            Paul Saenger, Space Between Words: The Origins of Silent Reading. Stanford,

                        1997

            Armando Petrucci, Writers and Readers in Medieval Italy. Yale, 1995

            _____, Public Lettering. Chicago, 1993

            Walter J. Ong, The Presence of the Word. Simon and Schuster 1970

 

 

5  From Script to Print, Oral to Written, Classical to Vernacular, and . . . .

 

            “How Revolutionary Was the Print Revolution,” American Historical Review

                        107 (2002) 84-128

            Anthony T. Grafton, “The Importance of Being Printed,” Journal of

                        Interdisciplinary History 11 (1980), 265-286

            Michael Hunter, “The Impact of Print,” The Book Collector, 28 (1979) 335-352

            RA Houston, Literacy in Early Modern Europe. Longman, 2002

            Nicholas Hudson, Writing and European Thought 1600-1830. Cambridge 1994

            Peter Burke, Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe. Harper and Row, 1978

            _____, Historical Anthropology of Early Modern Italy. Cambridge, 1987

            _____, A Social History of Knowledge. Polity, 2000

            Burke and Roy Porter, eds., The Social History of Language. Cambridge, 1987

            Walter J. Ong, Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue. Harvard, 1958

            David Olson, The World on Paper: The Conceptual and Cognitive Implications

                        of Writing and Reading. Cambridge 1994

            Walter D. Mignolo, The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Literacy,

                        Territoriality, and Colonization. Michigan,  1995

            Adrian Johns, The Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making.

                        Chicago 1998

            Marina Frasca-Spada and Nick Jardine, eds. Books and the Sciences in History.

                        Cambridge 2000

 

            Lucien Febvre and H-J Martin, The Coming of the Book NLB 1976

            H-J Martin,  The History and Power of Writing. Chicago, 1994

            Rudoph Hirsch, The Printed Word. Variorum Editions, 1978

            Sandra L. Hindman, ed. Printing the Written Word: The Social History of Books,

                        circa 1450-1520.  Cornell, 1991

 

            Istvan Gyorgy Toth, Literacy and Written Culture in Early Modern Europe. Central

                        European University Press, 2000

            Robert Scribner, For the Sake of Simple Folk. Cambridge UP 1981

            _____, “Oral Culture and the Diffusion of Reformation Ideas,” History of

                        European Ideas, 5 (1984) 237-256

            Gerald Strauss, Luther’s House of Learning. JHUP 1979

            Brian Richardson, Print Culture in Renaissance Italy. Cambridge, 1994

            Paul Grendler, Schooling in Renaissance Italy.  HUP, 1989

            Susan Noakes, “The Development of the Book Market in Late Quattrocento Italy,”

                        Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 11 (1981), 23-55

            Anne Jacobson Schutte, “Printing, Piety, and the People in Italy,” Archive for

                        Renaissance History, 71 (1981), 5-19

            Carlo Ginzburg, The Cheese and the Worms. JHUP 1980

            Natalie Z Davis, Culture and Society in Early Modern France. Stanford, 1975

            Keith Thomas, “The Meaning of Literacy in Early Modern England,” in The

                        Written Word, ed. Gerd Bauman (Oxford UP, 1986) 97-131

            Margaret Aston, “Literacy and Lollardy,” History, 62 (1977), 347-371

            David Cressy, Literacy and the Social Order: Reading and Writing in Tudor and

                        Stuart England. Cambridge 1980

            Keith Wrightson and David Levine, Poverty and Piety. Academic 1979

            Margaret Spufford, Small Books and Pleasant Histories. Methuen, 1981

            Adam Fox, Oral and Literate Culture in England 1500-1700.  Oxford, 2000

            Kevin Sharpe, Reading Revolutions: The Politics of Reading in Early Modern

                        England Yale, 2000

            Jennifer Andersen and Elizabeth Sauer, eds. Books and Readers in Early Modern

                        England. Penn, 2002

            Lori Humphrey Newcomb. Reading Popular Romance in Early Modern England.

                        Columbia, 2002

            David Zaret, Origins of Democratic Culture. Princeton, 2000

            Tessa Watt, Cheap Print and Popular Piety 1550-1640. Cambridge 1991

            Nigel Wheale, Writing and Society . . . Britain 1590-1660. Routledge, 1999

            Egil Johansson, The History of Literacy in Sweden Umea, 1977

            _____, Alphabeta Varia. Orality, Reading and Writing in the History of Literacy.

                        Festschrift in honour of Egil Johansson on the occasion of his 65th birthday.

                        Album Religionum Umense 1. Umea University, 1998

 

            nonverbal

            Eugene Ferguson, “The Mind’s Eye: Nonverbal Thought in Technology,”

                        Science, 197 (1977), 827-836

            Peter Burke, Culture and Society in Renaissance Italy. Batsford, 1972

            William Ivins, Prints and Visual Communications. MIT Press 1969

            A. Hayett Mayor, Prints and People. Princeton 1981

 

 

6  Early Modernity (16-18th Centuries)

 

            John Bossy, “The Counter Reformation and the People of Catholic Europe,” Past

                        and Present no. 47 (1970), 51-70

            Harvey Chisick, The Limits of Reform in the Enlightenment. Princeton, 1980

            James Van Horn Melton, The Rise of the Public in Enlightenment Europe.

                        Cambridge, 2001

            _____, Absolutism and the Eighteenth-Century Origins of Compulsory Schooling

                        in Prussia and Austria. Cambridge, 1988

            James Leith, “Introduction: Unity and Diversity in Education During the Eighteenth

                        Century,” in “Facets of Education in the Eighteenth Century,” ed. Leith,

                        Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, CLXVII (1977), 13-28

            _____, “TheHope for Moral Regeneration in French Educational Thought,” in City

                        and Society in the Eighteenth Century, ed. Paul Fritz and David Williams

                        (Hakkert, 1983), 215-229

            _____. “Modernization, Mass Education, and Social Mobility in French Thought,”

                        Eighteenth Century Studies, 2 (1973), 223-238

 

            Francois Furet and Jacques Ozouf, Reading and Writing: Literacy from Calvin to

                        Jules Ferry. Cambridge 1982

            Robert Darnton, “The Business of Enlightenment (Harvard 1979)

            _____, The Literary Underground of the Old Regime (Harvard, 1982)

            _____, The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in Cultural History. Basic

                        Books, 1984

            _____, The Kiss of Lamourette: Reflections on Cultural History (Norton, 1990)

 

            Roger Chartier, The Order of Books. Stanford 1994, ch 1

            _____, Forms and Meanings Penn 1995 ch 1, 4,

            _____, The Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France. Princeton 1987

            _____, On the Edge of the Cliff. JHUP, 1997 ch 6.7

            _____, ed., The Culture of Print  Princeton 1989

            Carla Hesse, The Other Enlightenment: How French Women Became Modern.

                        Princeton 2001

            H-J Martin, “The biblioteque bleue,” Publishing History, 3 (1978), 70-102

            Carol Armbruster, ed. Publishing and Readership in Revolutionary France and

                        America. Greenwood, 1993

 

            Keith Thomas, “The Meaning of Literacy in Early Modern England,” in The Written

                        Word, ed. Gerd Bauman (Oxford UP, 1986) 97-131

            T.W. Laqueur,”Cultural Origins of Literacy in England, 1600-1800,” Oxford Review

                        of Education, 2 (1976) 255-275

            Lawrence Stone, “Literacy and Education in England, 1640-1800,” Past and Present

                        no 42 (1969), 61-139

            R A Houston, Literacy in Early Modern Europe. Longman, 2002

            _____, Scottish Literacy and the Scottish Identity: Illiteracy and Society in

                        Scotland and Northern England, 1600-1800. Cambridge 1985

            _____, “The Literacy Myth? Illiteracy in Scotland, 1630-1760,” Past and Present,

                        no. 96 (1982), 81-102

            _____, “The Development of Literacy: Northern England, 1640-1750,” Economic

                        History Review, 35 (1982) 199-216

            Bernard Capp, Astrology and the Popular Press. Faber and Faber, 1979

            James Raven, Helen small, and Naomi Tadmor, eds., The Practice and

                        Representation of Reading in England. Cambridge, 1996

            Clifford Siskin, The Work of Writing: Literature and Social Change in Britain

                        1700-1830 JHUP 1998

            William B. Warner, Licensing Entertainment: The Elevation of Novel Reading in

                        Britain, 1684-1750.   California 1998

            Jacqueline Pearson, Women’s Reading in Britain 1750-1835. Cambridge 1999

            R.M. Wiles, “Middle Class Literacy in Eighteenth Century England,” in Studies

                        in the Eighteenth Century, ed. R.F. Brissenden (Australian National UP,

                        1968), 49-66

            _____, “Provincial Culture in Early Georgian England,” in The Triumph of Culture,

                        ed. Paul Fritz and David Williams (Hakkert, 1972), 49-68

            J.H. Plumb, “The Public Literature and the Arts in the 18th Century,” in ibid., 27-48

            _____, “The New World of Children in Eighteenth Century England,” Past and Present,

                        no. 67 (1975), 64-95

            John Feather, “Cross-Channel Currents: Historical Bibliography and L’histoire du

                        livre,” The Library, 2 (1980), 1-15

            _____, The Provincial Book Trade in Eighteenth-Century England. Cambridge 1985

 

            Lawrence Cremin, American Education: The Colonial Experience. Harper and

                        Row, 1970

            Michael Warner, The Letters of the Republic: Publication and the Public Sphere in

                        Eighteenth-Century America. Harvard 1990

            Richard D. Brown, Knowledge Is Power: The Diffusion of Information in Early

                        America, 1700-1865. Oxford UP 1989

            _____, The Strength of a People: The Idea of an Informed Citizenry  in America,

                        1650-1870. UNC, 1996

            Robert E. Gallman, "Changes in the Level of Literacy in a New Community of

                        Early America," Journal of Economic History, 48 (1988), 567­82;

            Kenneth Lockridge, Literacy in Colonial New England. Norton, 1974

            E. Jennifer Monaghan,. “Literacy instruction and gender in colonial New England,”

                        American Quarterly, 40 (1988) 18-41

            _____. “Family literacy in early 18th-century Boston: Cotton Mather and his

                        children,” Reading Research Quarterly, 26 (1991),  342-370

            _____, “’She loved to read in Good Books’: Literacy and the Indians of Martha’s

                        Vinyard,” History of Education Quarterly, 30 (1990),

*          Joel Perlmann and Dennis Shirley, “When Did New England Women Acquire

                        Literacy?” William and Mary Quarterly, 48 (1991), 18-41

*          Joel Perlmann, Silvana R. Siddali, and Keith Whitescarver, “Literacy, Schooling,

                        and Teaching Among New England Women, 1730-1820,’ History of

                        Education Quarterly

            Gloria L Main, “An Inquiry into When and Why Women Learned to Write in

                        Colonial New England,” Journal of Social History 24 (1991)

            David D Hall, Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgement: Popular Religious Belief in

                        Early New England. Harvard, 1992

            David D Hall, Cultures of Print: Essays in the History of the Book. Univ. of

                        Massachusetts Press, 1996

            Hugh Amory and David D Hall, eds. A History of the Book in America. Vol I

                        The Colonial Book in the Atlantic World. American Antiquarian

                        Society/Cambridge 2000

            David D. Hall and William Joyce, eds., Needs and Opportunities in the History

                        of the Book: America, 1639-1876.  AAS, 1987

            William Joyce, et al;  ed., Printing and Society in Early America. AAS, 1983

            Bernard Bailyn and John B Hench, eds., The Press and the American Revolution.

                        AAS 1980

            Michele Moylan and Lane Stiles, eds. Reading Books: Essays on the Material Text

                        and Literature in America. Massachusetts, 1996

            Edward G. Gray, New World Babel: Languages and Nations in Early America.

                        Princeton, 1999

            Sandra M. Gustafson, Eloquence Is Power: Oratory and Performance in Early

                        America.  UNC 2000

            Hilary E. Wyss, Writing Indians: Literacy, Christianity, and Native Community

                        in Early America. Masaschusetts, 2000

            Gillian Brown, The Consent of the Governed: The Lockean Legacy in Early

                        American Culture. Harvard 2001

            Harry Stout, “Religion, Communications, and the Ideological Origins of the

                        American Revolution,” William and Mary Quarterly 34 (1977)

            Rhys Issacs, The Transformation of Virginia. 1740-1790. UNC 1982, chs. 5-6

                        [also WMQ 33 1976)

            Richard D Brown, Knowledge Is Power: The Diffusion of Information in Early

                        America, 1700-1865. Oxford UP 1989

            _____, The Strength of a People: The Idea of an Informed Citizenry  in America

                        1650-1870. UNC Pr 1996

            Lee Soltow and Edward Stevens, Literacy and the rise of the common School.

                        Chicago 1982

            Bernardo P. Gallegos, Literacy, Education, and Society in New Mexico, 1693-

                        1821. New Mexico, 1992

            Eugene Ferguson, “The Mind’s Eye: Nonverbal Thought in Technology,” Science,

                        197 (1977), 827-836

 

 

7  The Literacy Myth: Toward Modern Ways

 

Readings on economic development and the Industrial Revolution

Colonial period

            David W. Galenson, "The Rise and Fall of Indentured Servitude in the Americas:

                        An Economic Analysis," in  Trade and the industrial revolution, 1700-1850,

                        ed. Stanley L. Engerman Vol 2. Elgar Reference Collection. Growth of the

                        World Economy series, vol. 2. (Elgar,1996): 331-56

            _____, “The Rise of Free Labor: Economic Change and the Enforcement of Service

                        Contracts in England, 1351-1875," Capitalism in context: Essays on economic

                        development and cultural change in honor of R. M. Hartwell, ed. John A. James

                        and Mark Thomas: (Chicago 1994), 114-37

            _____,  "Labor Market Behavior in Colonial America: Servitude, Slavery, and

                        Free Labor," Markets in history: Economic studies of the past Cambridge,

                        1989, 52-96

            _____, "The Rise and Fall of Indentured Servitude in the Americas: An Economic

                        Analysis," Journal of Economic History 44 (1984) 1-26

            _____, “"The Market Evaluation of Human Capital: The Case of Indentured

                        Servitude," Journal of Political Economy 89 (1981), 446-67

            _____, "Literacy and Age in Preindustrial England: Quantitative Evidence and

                        Implications." Economic Development and Cultural Change, 29 (1981)

                        813-29

            _____, “Immigration and the Colonial Labor System: An Analysis of the Length

                        of Indenture," Explorations in Economic History 14 (1977), 360-77

            Farley Grubb, "Growth of Literacy in Colonial America: Longitudinal Patterns,

                        Economic Models, and the Direction of Future Research," Social Science

                        History, 14 (1990), 451-481

                _____,  "Colonial Immigrant Literacy: An Economic Analysis of Pennsylvania‑

                        German Evidence, 1727‑1775," Explorations in Economic History, 24

                        (1987), 63‑76

                _____, "Educational Choice in the Era Before Free Public Schooling: Evidence from

                        German Immigrant Children in Pennsylvania, 1771-1817," Journal of

                        Economic History, 52 (1992), 363-375

 

Agricultural development

            Anders Nilsson, “What Do Literacy Rates Really Signify? New Light on an Old

                        Problem from Unique Swedish Data,” Paedagogica Historica, 35 (1999)

            _____ and Birgitta Svard, “Writing Ability and Agrarian Change in Early

                        Nineteenth Century Rural Scania,” Scandinavian Journal of History, 19

                        (1994)

            Anders Nilsson, et al, “Agrarian Transition and Literacy: The case of Nineteenth

                        Century Sweden,” European Review of Economic History, 1 (1999)

 

Industrialization

            Francois Furet and Jacques Ozouf, “Literacy and Industrialization: The Case  of

                        the Department du Nord,” Journal of European Economic History, 5

                        (1976), 5-44

            Levine, David. "Illiteracy and Family Life During the First Industrial Revolution."

                        Journal of Social History, 14 (1980),  25-44

            ____, “Education and Family Life in Early Industrial England,” Journal of Family

                        History, 4 (1979), 368-380

            David Mitch, “The Role of Skill and Human Capital in the British Industrial

                        Revolution,” in The British Industrial Revolution. An Economic

                        Perspective. 2nd edition. ed. Joel Mokyr (Westview,  1999), 241-279

            _____, “The Rise of Popular Literacy in Europe,” in The Political Construction of

                        Education, ed. Bruce Fuller and Richard Rubinson (Praeger, 1992), 31-46

            Stephen J Nicholas and Nicholas, Jacqueline M. "Male Literacy, 'Deskilling', and the

                        Industrial Revolution." Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 23 (1992), 1-18

            Stephen Nicholas and Deborah Oxley, 'The Living Standards of Women during

                        the Industrial Revolution, 1795 - 1820,” Economic History Review, 2nd ser.,

                        46 (1993), 723-49

            Stephen Nicholas and Deborah Oxley,”Living Standards of Women in England and Wales,

                        1785–1815: New Evidence from Newgate Prison Records,” Economic History

                        Review, 2nd ser., 49 (1996), 591-99

            Stephen Nicholas and Richard H. Steckel, “Heights and Living Standards of English

                        Workers During the Early Years of Industrialization, 1770 - 1815,” Journal

                        of Economic History, 51 (1991), 937-57

            Stephen Nicholas, ed., Convict Workers: Reinterpreting Australia's Past. Cambridge,

                        1988)

            Michael Sanderson, “Literacy and Social Mobility in the Industrial Revolution in

                        England,” Past and Present, 56 (1972): 75-104

            E.G. West, Education and the Industrial Revolution. London & Sydney: Batsford/

                        Toronto: Copp Clark, 1975

            E.G. West, "Literacy and the Industrial Revolution." Economic History Review, 31

                        (1978), 369-83

            John Murray, “Literacy and industrialization in modern Germany,”. in The Industrial

                        Revolution in Comparative Perspective, ed. Christine Rider and Michéal

                        Thompson. (Krieger Publishing, 2000),  17-32

 

Other economic

            John Murray, “Generation(s) of human capital: Literacy in American families,

                        1830-1875,” Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 27 (1997), :413-435

            _____, “Human capital in religious communes: Literacy and selection of nineteenth

                        century Shakers,” Explorations in Economic History, 32 (1995),:217-235

            David W. Galenson, "Educational Opportunity on the Urban Frontier: Nativity,

                        Wealth, and School Attendance in Early Chicago," Economic Development

                        and Cultural Change, 43(1995): 551-63.

            _____,  “Ethnicity, neighborhood, and the school attendance of boys in antebellum

                        Boston," Journal of Urban History (1998): 603-26.

            _____, "Ethnic differences in neighborhood effects on the school attendance of boys

                        in early Chicago," History of Education Quarterly (1998), 17-35

            _____,"Neighborhood effects on the school attendance of Irish immigrants' sons in

                        Boston and Chicago in 1860," American Journal of Education (1997),

                        261-93

 

Other recommended

            David Vincent, Bread, Freedom and Knowledge (Europa 1981

            ____, Literacy and Popular Culture: England 1750-1914. Cambridge 1989

            ____, The Rise of Mass Literacy: Reading and Writing in Modern Europe. Polity

                        2000

            David Mitch, The Rise of Popular Vernacular Literacy in Victorian England.

                        Penn, 1992

            W B Stephens, Education, Literacy and Society, 1830-70 . . . Provincial England.

                        Manchester, 1987

            Richard Johnson, “Notes on the Schooling of the English Working Class,” in

                        Schooling and Capitalism, ed. R Dale, G Esland, and M MacDonald

                        (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976), 44-55

            Thomas Laqueur, “Working-Class Demand and the Growth of English Elementary

                        Education,” in Schooling and Society, ed. Lawrence Stone  (Johns Hopkins

                        1976), 192-205

            Patrick Brantlinger, The Reading Lesson: The Threat of Mass Literacy in

                        Nineteenth-Century British Fiction. Indiana, 1998

            K C Phillipps, Language and Class in Victorian England. Blackwell, 1984

 

            William J. Gilmore, Reading Becomes a Necessity of Life: Material and Cultural

                        Life in Rural New England, 1780-1835. Tennessee, 1989

            Edward Stevens, Literacy, Law and Social Order. Northern Illinois 1988

            Lee Soltow and Edward Stevens, Literacy and the rise of the common School.

                        Chicago 1982

            _____,“Economic Aspects of School Participation in the U.S., “ Journal of

                        Interdisciplinary History, 8 (!977), 221-244

            Richard D. Brown, Knowledge Is Power: The Diffusion of Information in Early

                        America, 1700-1865. Oxford UP 1989

            _____, The Strength of a People: The Idea of an Informed Citizenry  in America

                        1650-1870. UNC Pr 1996

            Carl F. Kaestle, “Between the Scylla of Brutal Ignorance and the Charybdis of a

                        Literary Education: Elite Attitudes Toward Mass Schooling . . .,” in

                        Schooling and Society, ed. Lawrence Stone (Johns Hopkins, 1976)

                        177-191

            _____, Pillars of the Republic. Hill & Wang, 1983

            Kaestle and Maris Vinovskis,  Education and Social Change in Nineteenth

                        Century Massachusetts. Cambridge, 1980

            Michael B. Katz, “The Origins of Public Education,” History of Education

                        Quarterly, 16 (1976). 381-4-8

            _____, Reconstructing American Education. Harvard, 198_

 

            Eugen Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen (Stanford 1976)

            M.J. Maynes, Schooling

            _____, “The Virtues of Archaism,” Comparative Studies in Society and History

                        21 (1979), 611-625

            _____, “Work or School?” in “The Making of Frenchmen,” Historical Reflections,

                        7 (1980), 115-134

            _____, Taking the Hard Road: The Life Course in French and German Workers’

                        Autobiographies in the Era of Industrialization. North Carolina, 1995

            Furet and Ozouf, Reading and Writing

 

 

8  Reading and its Histories

            :*Robert Darnton, “What Is the History of Books?” and “First Steps Toward a

                        History of Reading,” in his The Kiss of Lamourette: Reflections in

                        Cultural History (Norton 1990), 107-135; 154-190

            See also his The Great Cat Massacre (Basic 1984), and the critical response:

                        Roger Chartier, “Text, Symbols, Frenchness,” Journal of Modern

                                    History 57 (1985), 682-695

                        Darnton, “The Symbolic Element in History,” Journal of Modern

                                    History 58 (1986), 218-234

                        Dominick LaCapra, History and Criticism (Cornell 1985) 87-94

                        _____, “Chartier, Darnton, and the Great Symbol Massacre,” Journal

                                    of Modern History, 60 (1988), 95-112

                        Mark Poster, “Darnton’s Historiography,” The Eighteenth Century, 27

                                    (1986), 87-92

                        James Fernandez, “Historians Tell Tales,” Journal of Modern History

                                    60 (1988), 113-127

                        Harold Mah, “Suppressing the Text: The Metaphysics of Ethnographic

                                    History in Darnton’s Great Cat Massacre,” History Workshop

                                    no. 31 (1998), 1-20

 

            Jonathan Rose, “Rereading the English Common Reader,” Journal of the

                        History of Ideas, 53 (1992) 47-70

            James Smith Allen, “History and the Novel,” History & Theory 22 (1983),

                        233-252

            Cathy N. Davidson, ed., Reading in America. JHUP, 1989

            James L Machor, ed., Readers in History: Nineteenth Century American

                        Literature and the Context of Response  JHUP 1993

            David Nord, Communities of Journalism: A History of American Newspapers

                        and their Readers. Illinois, 2001

 

            writing

            Carolyn Steedman, The Tidy House. Virago, 1982

            Susan Miller, Assuming the Position: Cultural Pedagogy and the Politics of

                        Commonplace Writing. Pittsburgh, 1998

            Catherine Hobbs, Nineteenth-Century Women Learn to Write. Virginia, 1995

            Janet Carey Eldred and Peter Mortensen. Imagining Rhetoric: Composing

                        Women of the Early United States. Pittsburgh, 2002

            Tamara Plakins Thornton, Handwriting in America: A Cultural History. Yale

                        1996

            Dena Goodman, “L’ortografe des dames: Gender and Language in the Old

                        Regime,” French Historical Studies, 25 (2002), 191-223

 

            nonverbal

            Daniel Calhoun, The Intelligence of a People. Princeton, 1973

            Patricia Cline Cohen, A Calculating People: The Spread of Numeracy in Early

                        America. Chicago, 1982

            Edward Stevens, The Grammar of the Machine: Technical Literacy and Early

                        Industrial Expansion in the United States. Yale,  1995

            Eugene Ferguson, “The Mind’s Eye: Nonverbal Thought in Technology,” Science,

                        197 (1977), 827-836

            _____, Engineering and the Mind’s Eye. MIT, 1992

            Lisa Gitelman, Scripts, Grooves, and Writing Machines: Representing

                        Technology in the Edison Era. Stanford, 1999

            Carolyn Marvin, When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking About

                        Communications in the Late Nineteenth Century. Oxford, 1988

 

            18-19th Centuries

            Carl Kaestle, Helen Damon-Moore, Lawrence C. Stedman, Katherine Tinsley,

                         and William Vance Trollinger, Jr., Literacy in the United States:

                        Readers and Reading Since 1880. Yale UP 1991

            James P Danky and Wayne A Wiegand, eds. Print Culture in a Diverse

                        America. Illinois, 1998

            Robert A. Gross, Much Instruction from Little Reading: Books and Libraries

                        in Thoreau’s Concord. Virginia, 1988

            _____, “Printing, Politics, and the People,” Proceedings of the AAS 99 (1989)

                        375-397

            ____, “Reading Culture, Reading books,” Proc, AAS 106 (1996)

            Joseph F. Kett, The Pursuit of Knowledge Under Difficulties: From Self-

                        Improvement to Adult Education in America, 1759-1990. Stanford 1994

            Joseph F. Kett and Patricia A McClung, Book Culture in Post-Revolutionary

                        Virginia. American Antiquarian Society 1984

            Mary Kupiec Cayton, “The Making of An American Prophet: Emerson, his

                        Audiences, and the Rise of the Culture Industry in Nineteenth-Century

                        America,” American Historical Review 92 (1987)

            Michael Schudson, Discovering the News. Basic, 1978

            Thomas Leonard, News for All: America’s Coming of Age with the Press.

                        Oxford, 1995

            David Nord, Communities of Journalism: A History of American Newspapers and

                        their Readers. Illinois, 2002

            David Henkin, City Reading: Written Works and Public Spaces in Antebellum

                        New York. Columbia, 1998

            James L. Machor, ed., Readers in History JHUP 1993

            Cathy N. Davidson, ed., Reading in America JHUP 1989

            ____, Revolution and the Word: The Rise of the Novel in Amerce. Oxford 1986

            Ann Douglas, The Feminization of American Culture. Knopf, 1977

            Jane Tompkins, Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction,

                        1790-1860. Oxford, 1985

            Susan S. Williams, “Widening the World: Susan Warner, Her Readers, and the

                        Assumption of Authorship,” American Quarterly, 42 (1990), 565-586

            Nina Baym, Novels, Readers and Reviewers: Responses to Fiction in Antebellum

                        America. Cornell, 1984

            Richard Brodhead, Cultures of Letters: Scenes of Reading and Writing in

                        Nineteenth Century America. Chicago, 1993

            Michael Newbury, Figuring Authorship in Antebellum America. Stanford 1997

            Michael Hackenberg, ed., Getting the Books Out. Papers of the Chicago Conference

                        on the Book in 19th-Century America. Library of Congress, 1987

            Louise L. Stevenson, “Prescripton and Reality: Reading Advisors and Reading

                        Practice, 1860-1880,” Book Research Q, 6 (1990-1991), 43-61

            Isabel Lehuu, Carnival on the Page: Popular Print Media in Antebellum America.

                        UNC 2000

            Ronald Zboray, A Fictive People: Antebellum Economic Development and the

                        American Reading Public. Oxford, 1993, and many articles

            Michael Denning, Mechanic Accents: Dime Novels and Working-Class Culture

                        in America. Verso, 1987

            Lawrence W Levine, Highbrow/Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Hierarchy

                        in America. Oxford 1978

            Anne Ruggles Gere, Intimate Practices: Literacy and Cultural Work in U.S.

                        Women’s Clubs, 1880-1920. Illinois, 1997

            Richard Ohmann, Selling Markets: Magazines, Markets, and Class at the Turn

                        of the Century. Verso, 1996

            Abigail A. Van Slyck, Free to All: Carnegie Libraries and American Culture

                        1890-1920 Chicago 1995

            Helen Damon-Moore, Magazines for the Millions: Gender and Commerce in

                        the Ladies’ Home Journal and the Saturday Evening Post, 1880-1910.

                        SUNY, 1994

            Ellen Gruber Garvey, The Adman in the Parlor: Magazines and the Gendering

                        of Consumer Culture, 1889s to 1910. Oxford, 1996

 

            Robert Darnton (see above)

            James Smith Allen, In the Public Eye: A History of Reading in Modern France

                        1800-1940. Princeton, 1991

            _____, “Toward a Social History of French Romanticism,” Journal of Social

                        History, 13 (1979), 253-276

            Martyn Lyons, Readers and Society in Nineteenth-Century France: Workers,

                        Women, Peasants. Palgrave 2001

            Ronald Fullerton, “Creating a Mass Book  Markets in Germany,” Journal of

                        Social History 10 (1977), 265-283

            _____, “Toward a Popular Culture in Germany,” ibid., 12 (1979),

 

            R.K. Webb, The British Working Class Reader. Allen & Unwin, 1955

            Richard Altick, The English Common Reader Chicago 1957

            Kate Flint, The Woman Reader 1837-1914. Oxford 1993

            Sally Mitchell, “Sentiment and Suffering: Women’s Recreational Reading,”

                        Victorian Studies  21 (1977), 29-45

            Victor Neuberg, Popular Literature. Penguin 1977

            _____, “The Literature of the Streets,” in The Victorian City, ed. H.J. Dyos and

                        Michael Wolff (Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973) I: 191-210

            James Walvin, Leisure and Society. Longman, 1978

            G.A. Cranfield, The Press and Society. Longman, 1978

            Louis James, Fiction for the Working Man. Oxford UP, 1963

            A.J. Lee, The Origins of the Popular Press. Croom Helm, 1974

            Peter Bailey, Leisure and Class in Victorian England. Toronto, 1978

            Jane Mace, Playing With Time: Mothers and the Meaning of Literacy. UCL

                        1988

            Jonathan Rose, The Intellectual Life of the British Working Classes. Yale, 2001

 

            20th Century

            Jane Mace, Playing With Time: Mothers and the Meaning of Literacy. UCL

                        1988

            Jonathan Rose, The Intellectual Life of the British Working Classes. Yale, 2001

            Dorothy Sheridan, Brian Street, and David Bloome, eds., Writing Ourselves:

                        Mass-Observation and Literacy Practices. Hampton, 2000

            Richard Hoggart, The Uses of Literacy. 1957

            Raymond Williams--works

            Joan Shelly Rubin, The Making of Middle Brow Culture. UNC 1992

            _____, “Self, Culture and Self-Culture in Modern American: The Early History of

                        the Book-of-the-Month Club,” Journal of American History 71 (1985),

                        782-806

            _____, “’Information, Please!’ Culture and Expertise in the Interwar Period,”

                        American Quarterly, 35 (1983) 499-517

            Janice Radway, Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Culture.

                        UNC

            _____, A Feeling for Books: The Book-Of-The-Month Club, Literary Taste, and

                        Middle-Class Desire  UNC 1997

            _____, “The Book of the Month Club and the General Reader: On the Uses of

                        Serious Fiction,” in Reading, ed. Davidson 259-284

            _____, “Interpretive Communities and Variable Literacies,” Daedalus 113 (

                        Summer 1984), 49-73

            _____, “Reading is Not Eating: Mass-Produced Literature and the Theoretical,

                        Methodological, and Political Consequences of a Metaphor,” Book Research

                        Quarterly 2 (1986) 7-29

            _____, “Women read the romance,” Feminist Studies, 9 (1983) 53-78

 

 

9  Reading Women and African Americans

 

            African American

            *Janet Cornelius, When I Can Read My Title Clear: Literacy, Slavery, and

                        Religion in the Antebellum South. South Carolina, 1991

            _____, “We Slipped and Learned to Read: Slave Accounts of the Literacy

                        Process, 1830-1860,” Phylon 44 (1983) 171-186

            E. Jennifer Monaghan, “Reading for the Enslaved, Writing for the Free:

                        Reflections on Liberty and Literacy,” Proceedings, American Antiquarian

                        Society,  108 (1998), 308-341

            Thomas Webber, Deep Like the Rivers: Education in the Slave Quarter

                        Community. Norton 1978

            Robert C Morris, Reading, Riting, and Reconstruction: The Education of

                        Freedmen in the South, 1861-1871. Chicago 1976

            Jacqueline Jones Royster, Traces of a Stream: Literacy and Social Change

                        Among African American Women. Pittsburgh, 2000

            David Freedman, "African-American Schooling in the South Prior to 1861,"

                        Journal of Negro History, 84 (1999), 1­47

            Elizabeth McHenry, Forgotten Readers: Recovering the Lost History of African                                                 American Literary Societies. Duke, 2002

 

            Women Reading

            James L. Machor, ed., Readers in History   Johns Hopkins 1993

            Cathy N. Davidson, ed., Reading in America  Johns Hopkins 1989

            Barbara Ryan and Amy M. Thomas, eds., Reading Acts: U.S. Readers’

                        Interactions with Literature, 1800-1950. Tennessee, 2002

            David Nord, Communities of Journalism: A History of American Newspapers

                        and their Readers. Illinois, 200

            Helen Horowitz, “Nous Autres: Reading, Passion, and the Creation of M.

                        Carey Thomas,” Journal of American History 79 (1992), 68-95

            Barbara Sicherman, “Reading and Ambition: M. Carey Thomas and Female

                        Heroism,” American Quarterly, 45 (1993) 73-103

            _____, “Reading Little Women: The Many Lives of a Text,” in U.S. History as

                        Women’s History, ed. Linda K. Kerber et al (UNC, 1995) 245-266

            _____. “Sense and Sensibility: A Case Study of Women’s Reading in Late-

                        Nineteenth-Century America,” in Reading in America, ed. Davison,

                        201-225

            Mary Kelley, “Reading Women/Women Reading: The Making of Learned

                        Women in Antebellum America,” Journal of American History 83

                        (1996), 401-424

            Cathy N. Davidson, Revolution and the Word: The Rise of the Novel in

                        America. Oxford 1986

            Linda J. Docherty, “Women as Readers: Visual Representations,” Proceedings

                        of the AAS, 107 (1997), 335-388

            Anne Ruggles Gere, Intimate Practices: Literacy and Cultural Work in U.S.

                        Women’s Clubs, 1880-1920. Illinois, 1997

            Helen Damon-Moore, Magazines for the Millions: Gender and Commerce in the

                        Ladies’ Home Journal and the Saturday Evening Post, 1880-1910.

                        SUNY, 1994

            Ellen Gruber Garvey, The Adman in the Parlor: Magazines and the Gendering

                        of Consumer Culture, 1889s to 1910. Oxford, 1996

            Janice Radway, Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarch, and Popular Culture.

                        UNC

            Kate Flint, The Woman Reader 1837-1914. Oxford 1993

            Sally Mitchell, “Sentiment and Suffering: Women’s Recreational Reading,”

                        Victorian Studies 21 (1977), 29-45

            Jane Mace, Playing With Time: Mothers and the Meaning of Literacy.

                        UCL 1988

 

            Writing

            Dena Goodman, “L’ortografe des dames: Gender and Language in the Old

                        Regime,” French Historical Studies, 25 (2002), 191-223

            Carolyn Steedman, The Tidy House. Virago, 1982

            Susan Miller, Assuming the Position: Cultural Pedagogy and the Politics

                        of Commonplace Writing. Pittsburgh, 1998

            Catherine Hobbs, Nineteenth-Century Women Learn to Write. Virginia, 1995

            Janet Carey Eldred and Peter Mortensen. Imagining Rhetoric: Composing

                        Women of the Early United States. Pittsburgh, 2002

            Tamara Plakins Thornton, Handwriting in America: A Cultural History.

                        Yale 1996

 

 

10        20th C. Literacy Campaigns and their Precedents and Consequences

 

            Select from:

            Ben Eklof, Russian Peasant Schools, 1861-1914. California, 1986

            Jeffrey Brooks, When Russia Learned to Read: Literacy and Popular

                        Literature, 1861-1917. Princeton, 1985

            Evelyn Rawski, Education and Popular Literacy in Ch’ing China.

                        Michigan 1979

            Glen Peterson, The Power of Words: Literacy and Revolution in South

                        China 1949-95.  UBC, 1997

            Colin Lankshear with Moira Lawler, Literacy, Schooling and Revolution.

                        Falmer, 1987

            Robert Arnove, “The Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade of  1980,”

                        Comparative Education Review, 25 (1981), 244-260

            _____, Education and Revolution in Nicaragua. Praeger, 1986

            _____, Education as Contested Terrain: Nicaragua, 1979-1993. Westview, 1994

            Jonathan Kozol, “A New Look at the Literacy Campaign in Cuba,” Harvard

                        Educational Review, 48 (1978), 341-377

            _____, Children of the Revolution. Delacorte, 1978

 

 

11            Literacies and Lives

 

            Mike Rose, Lives on the Boundary: The Struggles and Achievements of America’s

                        Underprepared. Free Press, 1989

            Ralph Cintron, Angels’ Towns: Chero Ways, Gang Life, and Rhetorics of the

                        Everyday. Beacon,  1997

            Jonathan Kozol, Amazing Grace: The Lives of Children and the Conscience of a

                        Nation. Crown, 1965

            _____, Ordinary Resurrections: Children in the Years of Hope. Crown, 2000

 

            Shirley Brice Heath, Ways With Words: Language, Life, and Work in

                        Communities and Class Rooms. Cambridge, 1983

            David Barton and Mary Hamilton. Local Literacies: Reading and Writing in

                        One Community. Routledge,  1998

            David Barton, Mary Hamilton, and Roz Ivanic, eds. Situated Literacies:

                        Reading and Writing in Context. Routledge, 2000

            Eve Gregory and Ann Williams, City Literacies: Learning to Read Across

                        Generations and Cultures. 2000

 

 

14 The Twentieth Century in Historical Context/ The Myth of Decline & The

                        Future of Literacy/ies

 

            Walter Ong, Orality and Literacy. Methuen, 1982

            Jack Goody, The Domestication of the Savage Word. Cambridge 1997

            E.D. Hirsch, Cultural Literacy. Houghton Mifflin; his followers; and their critics

            Henry Milner, Civic Literacy. University Press of New England, 2002

            Sven Birkerts, The Gutenberg Elegies. Fawcett, 1994

            Bill Cope and Mary Kalantzis, eds. Multiliteracies: Literacy Learning and the

                        Design of Social Futures. Routledge, 2000

            Margaret A. Gallego and Sandra Hollingsworth, eds. What Counts as Literacy:

                        Challenging the School Standard. Teachers College 2000

            Colin Lankshear and Peter McLaren, eds, Critical Literacy: Politics, Praxis, and the

                        Postmodern. SUNY, 1993

            James Paul Gee, Glynda Hull, and Colin Lankshear, The New Work Order

                        Westview 1996

            Ramona Fernandez, Imagining Literacy. Texas 2001

            Sonja Lanehart, Sista Speak! Black Women Kinfolk Talke about Language and

                        Literacy  Texas 2002

            Cynthia L. Selfe, Technology and Literacy in the 21st Century. Southern Illlinois,

                        1999

            Kathleen E. Welch, Electric Rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric, Oralism, and a New

                        Literacy. MIT, 1999

            Ellen J. Esrock, The Reader’s Eye: Visual Imaging as Reader Response  JHUP 1994

            Mark Poster, What’s the Matter with the Internet? Minnesota, 2001

            Andrea A. diSessa, Changing Minds: Computers, Learning, and Literacy. MIT 2000

            Geoffrey Nunberg, ed.: The Future of the Book  California 1996

            R. Howard Bloch and Carla Hesse, eds., Future Libraries. California, 1993