Marjorie K.M. Chan: Ph.D. Dissertation Table of Contents: Fuzhou Phonology

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           (PhD Dissertation Table of Contents)


                     FUZHOU PHONOLOGY:

          A Nonlinear Analysis of Tone and Stress
   
                    Marjorie K.M. Chan
                 University of Washington
                           1985


                                         
                     TABLE OF CONTENTS


                                                       Page

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1

CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5

   1.0. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5

   1.1. Descriptive Background . . . . . . . . . . . .   6

   1.1.1. The Modern Dialect Groups of the Chinese
          Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   1.1.2. Min: Population, Geographical Spread, and
          Subgrouping  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   1.1.3. Early Sources on the Fuzhou Dialect  . . . .  12
   1.1.4. Regional Subvarieties and the Socio-       
          linguistic Status of the Fuzhou Dialect  . .  15
   1.1.5. Notational Variants or Actual Linguistic 
          Differences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
   1.1.6. Published Materials on the Fuzhou Dialect  .  24
   1.1.7. Field Notes: Data Collection and 
          Instrumental Work  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
   1.1.8. Romanizations, Conventions and Abbreviations  31
   1.1.9. Some Terms and Concepts  . . . . . . . . . .  35
   1.1.9.1. Monosyllabic Words and Citation Forms  . .  35
   1.1.9.2. Characterless Words  . . . . . . . . . . .  37
   1.1.9.3. Colloquial and Literary Readings . . . . .  38

   1.2. Theoretical Background  . . . . . . . . . . .   41

   1.2.1. The Autosegmental Framework for Tonal Study   43
   1.2.2. Syllable Theory  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  52
   1.2.3. A Theory of Complex Segments . . . . . . . .  63
   1.2.3.1. Multiple Attachment to a Single C Node . .  65
   1.2.3.2. Multiple Attachment to a Single V Node . .  71
   1.2.4. Metrical Theory for the Analysis of Stress    83

   Notes to Chapter 1  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  88

			         	
CHAPTER 2. THE TONAL SYSTEM OF THE FUZHOU DIALECT  . .  97

   2.0. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  97

   2.1. The Tonal System in Chen and Norman (1965a)     98

   2.2. The Tonal System for the Present Data  . . . . 102

   2.2.1. Tone Ia: /H/ (/44/)  . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
   2.2.2. Tone Ib: /HL/ (/51/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
   2.2.3. Tone IIa: /L/ with Floating H (/32/) . . . . 114
   2.2.4. Tone IIIa: /LH/ (/213/)  . . . . . . . . . . 119
   2.2.5. Tone IIIb: /LHL/ (/131/) . . . . . . . . . . 124
   2.2.6. Tone IVa: /L/ with Floating H (/13/) . . . . 127
   2.2.7. Tone IVb: /HL/ (/5/) . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

   2.3. On the Nature of Tone IV (Ru-sheng)  . . . . . 137

   2.3.1. Some Historical Background . . . . . . . . . 137
   2.3.2. The Historical Development of Final Stops in 
          Fuzhou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
   2.3.3. The /k/ and /?/ Distinction  . . . . . . . . 150
   2.3.4. Final /?/ (< *-k and *-?) in Modern Fuzhou   151
   2.3.5. Synchronic Analysis of Final /?/ . . . . . . 158
   2.3.6. Tone IV Syllables: A Recapitulation  . . . . 163
   2.3.7. The Historical Development of Tone IVa and a 
          Comparison with Other Tones  . . . . . . . . 167

   Notes to Chapter 2  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177


CHAPTER 3. THE INTERACTION OF TONE AND STRESS  . . . . 184

   3.1. The Stress System of Fuzhou  . . . . . . . . . 184

   3.2. The Effect of Stress on Tone . . . . . . . . . 190

   3.3. A Metrical Treatment of Stress in Fuzhou . . . 200

   3.4. Description and Analysis of the Neutral Tone   216

   3.5. /HL/ Assignment on tone IVb /5/: Evidence      
        from Atonic Syllables  . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

   3.6. Alternating Iambic-Trochaic Stress in Fuzhou   234

   3.6.1. Evidence from the Present Data . . . . . . . 234
   3.6.2. Evidence from Existing Sources . . . . . . . 244
				                       
   Notes to Chapter 3  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253


CHAPTER 4. TONE SANDHI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
          
   4.1. Dissyllabic Tone Sandhi Rules  . . . . . . . . 271      

   4.1.1. Chen and Norman's Data . . . . . . . . . . . 271
   4.1.2. The Present Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
   4.1.2.1. Phonological Tone Rules  . . . . . . . . . 293
   4.1.2.2. Phonetic Tone Rules  . . . . . . . . . . . 303
   4.1.3. Ordering of Tone Sandhi Rules  . . . . . . . 321

   4.2. Trisyllabic Tone Sandhi Rules  . . . . . . . . 323

   4.2.1. Chen and Norman's Data . . . . . . . . . . . 324
   4.2.2. The Present Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

   4.3. Tone Sandhi Domain with Four or More Syllables 353

   4.4. Cyclicity and Tone Sandhi Rules Revisited  . . 361
   
   4.4.1. Cyclic Versus Non-Cyclic Rule-Application    361
   4.4.2. Reduplication without Cyclic Rules . . . . . 368

   Notes to Chapter 4  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386


CHAPTER 5. TONE, STRESS, AND VOWEL QUALITY CHANGES . . 397

   5.1. A Two-Fold Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

   5.1.1. Vowel Alternation in Citation Tone Syllables 398
   5.1.2. Vowel Alternation in Tone Sandhi Environment 402

   5.2. Possible Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

   5.2.1. Three Options  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
   5.2.2. The Controversy in Historical Perspective    406

   5.3. Difficulties Encountered by Solution 2 . . . . 410

   5.3.1. Wang's (1968) Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . 410
   5.3.2. Yip's (1980) Proposal  . . . . . . . . . . . 417

   5.4. Difficulties Encountered by Solution 3 . . . . 434

   5.4.1. Maddieson's (1976) Proposal  . . . . . . . . 434
   5.4.2. Wright's (1983) Analysis . . . . . . . . . . 443

   5.5. Solution 1: Evidence and Cross-Dialect      
        Comparisons  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450

   5.6. Vowel Quality Changes and the Historical       
        Rising and Departing Tones . . . . . . . . . . 458

   5.7. New Alternating Finals in Fuzhou . . . . . . . 469

   5.8. An Autosegmental Treatment . . . . . . . . . . 473

   Notes to Chapter 5  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491

   
BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

APPENDIX A. The Sixteen Rhyme Groups and their Rhymes  517

APPENDIX B. Fuzhou Tones and Dissyllabic Tone Sandhi   
            Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

APPENDIX C. The Initials of Fuzhou . . . . . . . . . . 544

APPENDIX D. The Finals of Fuzhou . . . . . . . . . . . 545      
                                                                 
APPENDIX E. Alternating Finals: A Comparison . . . . . 546

APPENDIX F. Map of China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547

APPENDIX G. Dialect Map of China . . . . . . . . . . . 548

APPENDIX H. Map of Fujian Province . . . . . . . . . . 549

APPENDIX I. Map of Fuzhou City . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
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This webpage contains pages ii to v of the hardcopy of the dissertation, with one minor correction of "HL" to "LH" in section 2.2.4.