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[ Publications Page | M.A. Abstract | MC's Homepage ](M.A. Thesis Table of Contents) ZHONG-SHAN PHONOLOGY: A Synchronic and Diachronic Analysis of a Yue (Cantonese) Dialect Marjorie K.M. Chan University of British Columbia 1980 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Title Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii List of Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii List of Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x Map 1. Kwangtung Province . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii Map 2. Zhong-shan County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Part I. Synchronic Study CHAPTER 0. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0.1. Terminology, Transliteration and Other Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0.2. Historical, Geographical and Linguistic Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 0.3. Data Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0.3.1. The Informants--Biographical Sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 0.3.2. Data-Collection Techniques . . . . . . . 8 0.3.3. Additional Sources for Zhong- Shan Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Notes to Chapter 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 CHAPTER 1. PHONETIC DESCRIPTION AND PHONEMIC ANALYSIS 17 1.1. Initials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.2. Finals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 1.2.1. Nuclear Vowels . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 1.2.2. Medials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 1.2.3. Endings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 1.2.4. Syllabic Nasals . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 1.3. Tones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 1.3.1. Tonal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 1.3.2. Tone Sandhi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 1.3.3. Tone Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 1.4. Combination of Initials and Finals . . . . . . 77 1.4.1. Labial Dissimilation . . . . . . . . . 77 1.4.2. Syncope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 1.4.3. Sesquisyllabic Structures . . . . . . . 79 1.4.4. Colloquial Versus Literary Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Notes to Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 CHAPTER 2. SYLLABARY AND LEXICON . . . . . . . . . . . 107 2.1. Syllabary Arranged According to Modern Zhong-shan Finals . . . . . . . . . . . 110 2.2. Lexicon of Colloquial Terms Arranged According to Modern Zhong-shan Finals . . . . 126 Part II. Diachronic Study CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS OF MODERN REFLEXES OF HISTORICAL CATEGORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 3.1. Initials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 3.1.1. Reconstructed Values of Middle Chinese Initials . . . . . . . . . . . 164 3.1.2. Zhong-shan Correspondences to Middle Chinese Initials . . . . . . . . 175 3.1.2.1. Bilabials (LMC) . . . . . . . 175 3.1.2.2. Labiodentals (LMC) . . . . . . 180 3.1.2.3. Dentals (LMC) . . . . . . . . 183 3.1.2.4. Dental Sibilants (LMC) . . . . 191 3.1.2.5. Retroflexes (LMC) . . . . . . 197 3.1.2.6. Retroflex Sibilants (EMC) and Palatals (EMC) . . . . . . 201 3.1.2.7. Velars (LMC) . . . . . . . . . 216 3.1.2.8. Gutterals (LMC) . . . . . . . 232 3.2. Finals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 3.2.2. Modern Zhong-shan Correspondences to LMC Finals . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 3.2.2.1. Guo-she . . . . . . . . . . . 261 3.2.2.2. Jia-she . . . . . . . . . . . 265 3.2.2.3. Yu-she . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 3.2.2.4. Xie-she . . . . . . . . . . . 271 3.2.2.5. Zhi-she . . . . . . . . . . . 277 3.2.2.6. Xiao-she . . . . . . . . . . . 282 3.2.2.7. Liu-she . . . . . . . . . . . 283 3.2.2.8. Xian-she . . . . . . . . . . . 285 3.2.2.9. Shen-she . . . . . . . . . . . 289 3.2.2.10. Shan-she . . . . . . . . . . 290 3.2.2.11. Zhen-she . . . . . . . . . . 297 3.2.2.12. Dang-she . . . . . . . . . . 304 3.2.2.13. Jiang-she . . . . . . . . . . 307 3.2.2.14. Zeng-she . . . . . . . . . . 309 3.2.2.15. Geng-she . . . . . . . . . . 311 3.2.2.16. Tong-she . . . . . . . . . . 317 3.3. Tones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 3.4. Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Notes to Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 CHAPTER 4. LEXICON (AS ARRANGED IN THE FANG-YAN DIAO-CHA ZI-BIAO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Rhyme Groups: 1. Guo-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Jia-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. Yu-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4. Xie-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 5. Zhi-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 6. Xiao-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 7. Liu-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 8. Xian-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 9. Shen-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 10. Shan-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 11. Zhen-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 12. Dang-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 13. Jiang-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 14. Zeng-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 15. Geng-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 16. Tong-she . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655-659 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * LIST OF TABLES Table 1. The Initials in Zhong-shan . . . . . . . . . 21 Table 2. (a) Analysis of the Finals--Chan . . . . . . 35 (b) Analysis of the Finals--Chao . . . . . . 36 (c) Analysis of the Finals--Egerod . . . . . 37 (d) Transcription of Finals in (Macao) Zhong-shan--Ball . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 (e) Phonetic Transcription of the Finals in Cantonese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Table 3. (a) Tonal System of Zhong-shan . . . . . . . 65 (b) A Comparison of Cantonese and Zhong-shan Tones . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Table 4. Colloquial Versus Literary Forms: (a) Tone /13/ Aspirated Initial and /22/ Unaspirated Initial . . . . . . . . 98 (b) /a:ng/ and /ang/ Finals . . . . . . . . 98 (c) /ia:ng/ and /ing/ Finals . . . . . . 98-100 Table 5. Words with Alternate Historical Tonal Categories: (a) Words Listed as Ping-sheng . . . . . . . 327 (b) Words Listed as Shang-sheng . . . . . . 327 (c) Words Listed as Qu-sheng . . . . . . 328-329 (d) Words Listed as Ru-sheng . . . . . . . . 329 Notes to Table 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * LIST OF CHARTS Chart 1. Syllable Structure of Chinese . . . . . . . 17 Chart 2. Syllable Structure of Zhong-shan . . . . . . 19 Chart 3. (a) Analysis of the Vowels--Chan . . . . . . 40 (b) Analysis of the Vowels--Chao . . . . . . 41 (c) Analysis of the Vowels--Egerod . . . . . 41 Chart 4. The 36 Initials of Late Middle Chinese . 165-166 Chart 5. Early Middle Chinese Initials . . . . . . . 169 Chart 6. Middle Chinese Initials in the Fang-yan Diao-cha Zi-biao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Chart 7. Zhong-shan Correspondences to the Middle Chinese Initials in the Fang-yan Diao-cha Zi-biao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173-174 Chart 8. Distribution of the LMC Glides and Medials 244 Chart 9. The 16 Rhyme Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Chart 10. Late Middle Chinese Finals . . . . . . . 249-252 Chart 11. Rhymes and Grades Within Each Rhyme Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256-258 Chart 12. Zhong-shan Correspondences to the LMC Finals 259 Chart 13. (a) Zhong-shan Correspondences to the Historical Tones . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 (b) Cantonese Correspondences to the Historical Tones . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Chart 14. Ru-sheng Correspondences in Cantonese and Zhong-shan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Chart 15. Tonal Correspondences in Zhong-shan (and Cantonese) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * LIST OF MAPS Map 1. Kwangtung Province . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii Map 2. Zhong-shan County . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
Created: 21 April 2000.
Copyright (c) 2000 Marjorie K.M. Chan. All rights reserved.
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