AUTUMN QUARTER 2001 Professor Marjorie K.M. Chan Dept. of E. Asian Lang. & Lit. The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 U.S.A.

Reading selections will be placed in 208 Cunz Hall (and on Reserve in Main Library if needed).
Reference books will be placed on Reserve in Main Library as needed. Check OSU Libraries' Course Reserves (by Prof/TA or Course) for an online list of books placed on Reserve for Chinese 782. (Note: Reserved materials for a given course are listed online for the current quarter only. Also, search for OSU's web e-journal articles at OSU OSCAR Web E-Journals.)

Chinese 782 investigates the phonological structure of modern (Mandarin) Chinese. Other Chinese dialects may also be included for comparative purposes.

This course serves as a further study of modern (Mandarin) Chinese phonology beyond the introductory level (Chinese 680, 681). The course is divided into two parts. Part I covers important aspects of synchronic Chinese phonetics/phonology, including both segmental and suprasegmental phonology. Readings and class discussions will be supplemented by acoustic analyses of speech sounds, including comparisons with other Chinese dialects. Part II explores some issues in modern Chinese phonology from a cognitive and/or functional approach, touching upon such topics as (non-)arbitrariness and iconicity (with respect to sound symbolism), and prototypes (with respect to linguistic categorization). Theoretical issues concerning phonological theory are also explored. Readings in this course include classic works as well as recent literature on modern Chinese phonetics and phonology. The course aims to provide students with some cognitive, functional, and theoretical perspectives for further pedagogical and/or theoretical linguistic research.

The course will be conducted through lectures combined with class discussions of assigned readings. Course work includes students' submission of five homework assignments.

Students are expected to:

1. Attend class regularly and participate actively in class discussions and other class activities, including presenting and reporting on homework assignments.
   . A mailing list for the class will also be used for dissemination of information and student-initiated discussions concerning topics brought up in class.

2. Submit five short homework assignments (about 2 double-spaced pages, plus references and accompanying sound files or other data as needed).
   . Students who do not have their own web account may submit their assignments on diskette (or 100MB zip disk), or via email as attachment, for the instructor to upload for class-viewing.

Additional requirements for those enrolled for an extra 2 credits under Chinese 693:

1. Conduct research on a short term paper project and present an oral version in class in Week 11, and submit in Exam Week the written term paper. The paper should be about 5 double-spaced pages, plus references, appendices and/or data files as needed. Obtain topic approval from the instructor no later than Week 8.

Class discussions/participation	50%
Homework assignments (5)	50%
	------
	100%

SCHEDULE

This class meets every Tuesday afternoon during the quarter beginning in Week 2.
Readings may be subject to change after the first week of classes.

WEEK 1	First Week of Classes
	(Classes begin on Wednesday, 19 September 2001.)

WEEK 2	Introduction and Background
September 25	Articulatory Phonetics: Place and Manner of Articulation International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) The Sounds of the IPA (CD-ROM) U. of Victoria's Phonetic Database (CD ROM) Studying Phonetics on the Web Acoustic Phonetics: Speech analysis software and demo Speech Analysis Tutorial Spectrogram Reading Speech Analysis

PART I: MODERN CHINESE PHONOLOGY

WEEK 3	Segmental Phonology: Syllable Structure and Initials
October 2	Monday, October 1: Happy Mid-Autumn Festival! Studio A (136 Cunz): Sound-proof booth, recording, and digitizing (1/2-1 hour demo; then to 340 C.C.) Readings: Chao (1968), Ch.1.3.1 - 1.3.2 Cheng (1973), Ch.1, Ch.5 Kratochvil (1968), Ch.2.1 (pp.23-28 only) Supplementary Readings: Chao (1948) Hu (1991a, 1991b, 1991c)

WEEK 4	Segmental Phonology: Syllable Structure and Finals
October 9	Readings: Chao (1968), Ch.1.3.3, and 1.3.9 Cheng (1973), Ch.2 Kratochvil (1968), Ch.2.1 (pp.28-34 only) Supplementary Readings: Fromkin (1973) Shen (1993) Due: Homework 1

WEEK 5	Suprasegmental Phonology: Tone and Stress
October 16	Readings: Chao (1968), Ch.1.3.4 - 1.3.6 Kratochvil (1968), Ch.2.2 Cheng (1973), Ch.6.1 - 6.2; Ch.7.1 - 7.2 Lin (1996), Ch.2.1 - 2.4 Due: Homework 2

WEEK 6

Suprasegmental Phonology: Intonation and Sentence Stress

October 23

Readings: Chao (1968), Ch.1.3.7 (on intonation patterns) Shen (1990), Ch.1 - 2 (on intonation patterns) Shen (1989, on declaratives and echo questions) Jin (1996, on sentence stress), Ch.2 Supplementary Reading: Chan (1993) (review of Shen 1990) Xu (1999) Lee (2000) Intonation of declaratives and echo Q's containing a syllable in: Tone 1 | Tone 3 Intonation and ma/a S-final particles preceded by a syllable in: Tone 1 | Tone 2 | Tone 3 | Tone 4 Due: Homework 3

PART II: ISSUES IN MODERN CHINESE PHONOLOGY

WEEK 7	Sound Symbolism
October 30	Readings: Sapir (1929/1949) LaPolla (1994) Supplementary readings: Saussure (1959, Ch.1-2) Jakobson (1971) Ohala (1994, on the sound-symbolic use of voice pitch) Hinton et al. (1994, on a typology of sound symbolism) Chan (1996a, 1996b)

WEEK 8	Linguistic Categorization and Prototypes
November 6	Readings: Taylor (1995), Ch. 12 Ladefoged and Wu (1984) Background reading: Taylor (1995), Ch.1-4 (Scan Chapter 1-4 for information on the classical approach to categorization (including its application to phonology -- you may skip Ch.2.3) and on prototype categories.) Due: Homework 4

WEEK 9	Phonology, Orthography, and Semantic Activation
November 13	Readings: Tan and Perfetti (1997) Zhou and Marslen-Wilson (1999) Due: Homework 5

WEEK 10	Speech Errors and the Representation of Tone
November 20	Reading: Wan and Jaeger (1998)

WEEK 11	Tone Sandhi and Tone Sandhi Domains
November 27	Reading: Chen (2000), Ch.9 Student Presentations

WEEK 12	Examination Week
December 3	Turn in Term Paper. Due: Monday, 3 December 2001, 5:00 p.m. (Request for extension must be made before the end of Week 11.)

READINGS

Readings may be subject to change after the course begins. Library call numbers are included for sources for which I happen to have the call numbers handy. An asterisk (*) marks web e-journal articles available at OSU OSCAR Web E-Journals (OSU users only).

1. Chao, Yuen Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press. (Excerpt: Chapter 1.3, "Phonology".)

2. Chen, Matthew Y. 2000. Tone Sandhi: Patterns Across Chinese Dialects. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. [PL1213 .C445 2000] (Excerpt: Chapter 9: "Minimal rhythmic unit as obligatory sandhi domain.")

3. Cheng, Chin-chuan. 1973. A Synchronic Phonology of Mandarin Chinese. The Hague: Mouton. (Excerpts: Chapter 1, "Introduction"; Chapter 2, "Finals"; Chapter 5, "Initials"; Chapter 6, "Tones".)

4. Jin, Shunde. 1996. An Acoustic Study of Sentence Stress in Mandarin Chinese. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University. (Excerpt: Chapter 2, "Mandarin stress" [PDF file (62k), and the Bibliography.)
   (See also Abstract, Chapter 1 "Introduction," Chapter 3 "Focus and stress," and Chapter 4 "The F0 Parameter" (Note: Chapter 4 takes time to download: 75k + over 30 GIF's.).) [Or view/download DOC files.] [Main (Theses): THE:EAL1996PHDJ56]

5. Kratochvil, Paul. 1968. The Chinese Language Today. London: Hutchinson University Library. (Excerpt: Chapter 2, "Phonemics".)

6. Ladefoged, Peter and Zongji Wu. 1984. "Places of articulation: an investigation of Pekingese fricatives and affricates." Journal of Phonetics 12:267-278.

7. LaPolla, Randy. 1994. "An experimental investigation into phonetic symbolism as it relates to Mandarin Chinese." In: Sound Symbolism, edited by Leanne Hinton, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press. Pp.130-147.

8. Lin, Hua. 1996. Mandarin Tonology. Taipei: Pyramid Press. (Excerpt: Chapter 2, "Previous works on Chinese tones", esp. pp.14-39.)

9. Sapir, Edward. 1929. "A study in phonetic symbolism." Journal of Experimental Psychology 12:225-239. (Reprinted in: Selected Writings of Edward Sapir in Language, Culture and Personality, edited by David G. Mandelbaum. 1949. Berkeley: U. of California Press. Pp. 61-72.

10. Shen, Xiao-nan. 1989. "Interplay of the four citation tones and intonation in Mandarin Chinese." Journal of Chinese Linguistics 17.1:61-74.

11. Shen, Xiao-nan. 1990. The Prosody of Mandarin Chinese. Berkeley: U. of California Pr. (Excerpts: Chapter 1, "Introduction"; Chapter 2, "Basic intonation patterns of Mandarin Chinese".)

12. *Tan, Li Hai and Charles A. Perfetti. 1997. "Visual Chinese character recognition: Does phonological information mediate access to meaning?" Journal of Memory and Language 37.1:41-57.

13. Taylor, John R. 1995. Linguistic Categorization: Prototypes in Linguistic Theory. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press. (Excerpts: Chapters 1-4, pp.1-80 (for background); Chapter 12, "Prototype categories in phonology", pp.222-238.) (Note: The 1995 second edition is identical in pagination to the first edition except for the adding of one more chapter at the end of the 1989 edition, to incorporate new developments since 1989, especially with respect to the treatment of lexical semantics.)

14. *Wan, I-Ping and Jeri Jaeger. 1998. "Speech errors and the representation of tone in Mandarin Chinese." Phonology 15:417-461.

15. *Zhou, Xiaoli and William Marslen-Wilson. 1999. "Phonology, orthography, and semantic activation in reading Chinese." Journal of Memory and Language 41.4:579-606.

SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS

1. Chan, Marjorie K.M. 1993. Review of: Xiao-nan Susan Shen (1990). The Prosody of Mandarin Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press. Journal of Phonetics (1993) 21.3:343-347.

2. Chan, Marjorie K.M. 1996a. "Sound symbolism and the Chinese language." Proceedings of the 7th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL) and the 4th International Conference on Chinese Linguistics (ICCL). Two volumes, edited by Tsai Fa Cheng, Yafei Li and Hongming Zhang. 1996. Los Angeles, CA: GSIL Publications, University of Southern California. Volume 2, pp.17-34. [ See PDF file (210 KB) ]

3. Chan, Marjorie K.M. 1996b. "Some thoughts on the typology of sound symbolism and the Chinese language." Proceedings of the 8th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-8). Two volumes, edited by Chin-chuan Cheng, Jerome Packard, James Yoon, and Yu-ling You. 1996. Los Angeles, CA: GSIL Publications, University of Southern California. Volume 2, pp. 1-15. [ See PDF file (210 KB) ]

4. Chao, Yuen-Ren. 1948. "The voiced velar fricative as an initial in Mandarin." Le Maitre Phonetique 89:2-3.

5. Fromkin, Victoria A. 1973. "Slips of the tongue." Scientific American 229.6.110-117.

6. Hinton, Leanne, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala. 1994. "Introduction." In: Sound Symbolism, edited by Leanne Hinton, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 1-12.

7. Hu, Mingyang . 1991a. "." (Phonetic value of W initial in Beijing speech). In: (Selected Writings in Linguistics). Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Chubanshe. Pp. 244-245. (Available online at the Chinese Linguistics Page (under "Sociolinguistics") as an MS Word DOC file, or click to the HTML version at this website, prepared from the original DOC file.) (GB-encoding)

8. Hu, Mingyang. 1991b. "Feminine accent in the Beijing vernacular: a sociolinguistic investigation." Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association XXVI.1:49-54. (Available online at the Chinese Linguistics Page (under "Sociolinguistics").) (Chinese version in: Hu Mingyang. 1991c. "" In: (Selected Writings in Linguistics). Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Chubanshe. Pp. 230-243.)

9. Jakobson, Roman. 1971. "Quest for the essence of language." In: Selected Writings II. The Hague: Mouton. Pp.345-359.

10. Lee, Ok Joo. 2000. The Pragmatics and Intonation of Ma-Particle Questions in Mandarin. M.A. thesis, The Ohio State University.

11. Ohala, John J. 1994. "The frequency code underlies the sound-symbolic use of voice pitch" In: Sound Symbolism, edited by Leanne Hinton, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala. Cambridge, England: Cambridge. University Press. Pp.325-347.

12. Saussure, Ferdinand de. 1959. Course in General Linguistics, edited by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye. Translated by Wade Baskin. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. (Excerpts: Chapter 1, "Nature of the linguistic sign", and Chapter 2, "Immutability and mutability of the sign".)

13. Shen, Jiaxuan. 1993. "Slips of the tongue and the syllable structure." In: Essays on the Chinese Language by Contemporary Chinese Scholars, edited by Shun-chiu Yau. Paris: Centre de Recherches Linguistiques Sur L'Asie Orientale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales. Pp.139-162.

14. Xu, Yi. 1999. "Effects of tone and focus on the formation and alignment of f_o contours." Journal of Phonetics 27:55-105.

SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES

1. Chen, Gwang-tsai. 1972. "The pitch range of English and Chinese speakers." Journal of Chinese Linguistics 2.2:159-171.

2. Chen, Gwang Tsai. 1972. A Comparative Study of Pitch Range of Native Speakers of Midwestern English and Mandarin Chinese: An Acoustic Study. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin.

3. Cheng, Chin-Chuan. 1968. "English stresses and Chinese tones in Chinese sentences." Phonetica 18:77-88.

4. Goh, Yeng-Seng. 1997. The Segmental Phonology of Beijing Mandarin. Taipei: Crane Publishing Co., Ltd.

5. Gussenhoven, Carlos and Haike Jacobs. 1998. Understanding Phonology. New York: Arnold.

6. Howie, John Marshall. 1976. Acoustical Studies of Mandarin Vowels and Tones. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press.

7. Johnson, Keith. 1997. Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers.

8. Ladefoged, Peter. 1993. A Course in Phonetics. Third edition. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

9. Liao, Rongrong. 1994. Pitch Contour Formation in Mandarin Chinese: A Study of Tone and Intonation. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University.

10. Maddieson, Ian. 1984. Patterns of Sounds. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press.

11. Peng, Shu-Hui. 1996. Phonetic Implementation and Perception of Place Coarticulation and Tone Sandhi. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University. (Mandarin Third Tone sandhi and place "assimilation" between Taiwanese coda and onset stops are examined. See abstract, part of OSDL.)

12. Wang, H. Samuel. 1995. Experimental Studies in Taiwanese Phonology. Taipei: Crane Publishing Co. Ltd. (It includes a discussion of segmentation of the syllable into phoneme-sized units and speech errors ('slips of the tongue'). Also addressed is the issue of the psychological reality of tone sandhi rules and related issues.)

13. Zhang, Zheng-sheng. 1988. Tone and Tone Sandhi in Chinese. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University.

14. Zhou, Xiaolin and William Marslen-Wilson. 1997. "The abstractness of phonological representation in the Chinese mental lexicon." In Cognitive Processing of Chinese and Related Asian Languages, edited by Husan-Chih Chen. Hong Kong: Chinese U. of Hong Kong. (On Third Tone sandhi.)

LINKS AND WWW RESOURCES

• OSU Libraries' On-Line Catalog (OSCAR) and other Library Catalogs, etc.

• OSU Libraries' Chinese Collection (The introduction contains a description of the history, scope, size, and strengths of the collection (and that includes Chinese linguistics).) (Big5-encoding)

• OSU Libraries also subscribe to a number of linguistics journals with recent issues digitized and available online in PDF and/or HTML format. The benefits are many: it reduces shelving space, eliminates "lost" and "missing" items, and enables instantaneous downloading and multiple-user access for research and course work.

  To retrieve articles from these e-journals, go to:
  

  • OhioLink: Electronic Journal Center. (E-journals include Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Journal of East Asian Linguistics, Journal of Pragmatics, Language, etc.) Alternatively, go via OSU Libraries' Research Tools: Electronic Journals.
    If you have a specific e-journal or article in mind, go directly to OSU OSCAR Web E-Journals.

    Some sources of e-journals:
    

  • Cambridge Journal Online (OSU subscriptions include: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Journal of Child Language, Journal of Linguistics, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Language in Society, Language Teaching, Language Variation and Change, Phonology, and Studies in Second Language Acquisition.)
  • IDEAL: International Digital Electronic Access Library (OSU subscriptions include: Brain and Cognition, Brain and Language, Computer Speech & Language, Journal of Memory and Language, and Journal of Phonetics.)
  • ISTOR (Depository of back issues of journals, including e-journals for Asian studies, such as Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (Vol. 1-55, 1936-1995 currently, with a "moving wall" of 5 years) and Journal of Asian Studies (Vol. 16-54, 1956-1995; and Vol. 1-15, 1941-1956 published under the title, The Far Eastern Quarterly; OSU Columbus only))
  • Periodicals Contents Index (PCI) Electronic Index to Journal Articles. (Chadwyck Healey's electronic index to the contents of thousands of periodicals in the humanities and social sciences, from their first issues to 1995. (Participants in JSTOR's Arts & Sciences I and Arts & Sciences II Collections can now link directly from the relevant index records in PCI to the corresponding full text within JSTOR.)

• MLA International Bibliography (part of OhioLINK's online Research Databases)

• Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) [WWW (OSU Columbus Only)]

• Linguistics and Language Indexes, Abstracts, Bibs, and TOCs (links to resources compiled by U. of Houston Libraries)

• Linguistic Abstracts Online (searchable online, from Blackwell Publishers, edited by Terry Langendoen, U. of Arizona; see List of Journals.)).

• Linguist List: 2001 Tables of Contents (TOC) (for some linguistic journals, and links to back issues as well)

• Some journals:
  
  • Journal of Chinese Linguistics: Index of Articles (1973- ).
  • Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association: Authors and Topics Indices (1966- ).
  • Journal of East Asian Linguistics: Table of Contents of Published Issues (1992- ).
  • Yuyan Jiaoxue Yu Yanjiu [English title: Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies] (No online indices -- Main (EAS): PL1004 .Y827)
  • Yuyan Yanjiu: Table of Contents Index (Eng./GB) (1981- )
    
    Part of Wenze Hu and Hongyin Tao's Chinese Linguistics Page.

    Zhongguo Yuwen: Table of Contents Index (GB for now, Eng. under construction) (1995- ).

• Archives of PHONET@JISCMAIL.AC.UK. Archives of Phonet, a mailing list for the teaching of phonetics.

• Beijing University's Department of Chinese Language and Literature. (Online classical corpora and other useful resources, including web-accessible Phonetics Articles, online articles in Chinese (GB-encoding) from Prof. Jiong Shen's website at Beida.)

• Linguistic Iconism Association
  • "Dissertations and MA Theses in Linguistic Iconism", links, etc.
  • See also: Olga Fischer and Max Nanny's Iconicity in Language: Bibiography (part of their website on Iconicity in Language and Literature), and Margaret Magnus' Bibliography of Phonosemantics.

• Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks (ChinaLinks.osu.edu. Homepage with Table of Contents to 4 satellite pages and their contents)
  1. ChinaLinks1: General Resources for Chinese Studies: search engines, publishers, Asian studies associations and journals (with indices), online corpora, etc.
  2. ChinaLinks2: Chinese Language Software & AV Programs: downloadable CJK fonts and decoders, IPA and Pinyin fonts, RealPlayer, etc.
  3. ChinaLinks3: Chinese Language and Linguistics: Chinese dialectology, Chinese linguistics associations and journals (with tables of content/indices), conferences, as well as such websites as the Bibliography of Synchronic Phonology of Chinese Dialects, Chinese Linguistics Page (with online Chinese linguistics articles), Virtual Tutorials in Phonology (VTP) site, and my On-Line Dissertation Abstracts webpage.
  4. ChinaLinks4: General Linguistics and Internet Resources: links to linguistics associations and journals (with tables of contents and indices, etc.); general references (including link to the searchable, on-line Oxford English Dictionary and other dictionaries and references), other internet resources, linguistic software and tutorials (including G. Dillon's Resources for Studying Human Speech), web-authoring tools, etc.

• MC's Chinese Language and Gender On-Line Bibliography
  Some web-accessible articles, online collections of gender-related course syllabi, etc.

  MC's Courses and Sample Syllabi

  Contains readings and references that may provide an additional source for references.

[ MC's Home Page | DEALL Home Page | MC's ChinaLinks ]
[ The Ohio State University ]

Copyright © 1996-200x Marjorie K.M. Chan. All rights reserved on course syllabus and on-line materials developed for the course. The background for the Chinese 782 logo is "M32: Blue Stars in an Elliptical Galaxy," cropped from a photo in NASA's photo archive, and was NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day: November 3, 1999.

There were 2,530 hits between 6.11.96 and 08.22.04 (293 hits from 6.11.96 to 3.20.99, 788 hits from 3.20.99 to 9.03.01, and 1,449 hits from 9.03.01 to 08.22.04).

Created 6/6/1996. Most recent major revision: 9/3/01 for Autumn Quarter 2001. Last update: 22 August 2004 (for archival). URL: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/chan9/782_a01.htm