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WINTER QUARTER 2008 CHINESE 782 Chinese Phonology Professor Marjorie K.M. Chan Dept. of East Asian Langs. & Lits. The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 U.S.A.

TEXTBOOKS

1. Lin, Yen-Hwei. 2007. Chinese. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge U. Press. [ISBN: 978-0-521-60398-0 (pbk); Call No.: PL1205 .L56 2007] Required. Available from SBX (1806 N. High Street, (Tel) 291.9528).
2. Additional Readings:
   Additional readings are typically e-journal articles that can be retrieved from OSU Libraries' online catalog. First, go to Ohio State University Libraries <library.osu.edu>, and under Quicklinks, select “E-Journals” and find the relevant e-journal title. Alternatively, go to OhioLINK's Electronic Journal Center (EJC) to locate the e-journal. (Note that one can also click “Search” at the EJC catalog website to locate a specific e-journal article via author name, article title, etc.) Other readings, scanned to PDF format by Electronic Reserves, will be available for downloading from Carmen.osu.edu under the current course. Additional readings will be made available during the course.

Sullivant (Main) Library Closed Reserves:
Books, including the textbook, will be placed on Reserve in Sullivant (Main) Library. Check Ohio State University Libraries <library.osu.edu> for an online list of books placed on Reserve for this course. (Under Quicklinks, select either “Print Reserves by Course” or “Print Reserves by Professor”.)

COURSE DESCRIPTION

Chinese 782 investigates the phonological structure of modern (Mandarin) Chinese. Other Chinese dialects may also be included for comparative purposes.

COURSE OBJECTIVES & EXPECTED OUTCOMES

This course serves as a further, more in-depth study of modern (Mandarin) Chinese phonology beyond the introductory level (Chinese 680). Students are also introduced to some issues in Chinese phonetics and phonology from cognitive and functional perspective to prepare them for graduate seminars and further investigation into Chinese phonetics and phonology for linguistic purposes, or for more applied linguistic purposes in second language acquisition.

Students are expected at the end of the course to have gained a solid understanding of the phonological structures and phonetic (articulatory and acoustic) properties of modern (Mandarin) Chinese, in order that they can use their knowledge for more advanced studies and research.

COURSE CONTENT

The course will be conducted through lectures combined with class discussions of assigned readings and other class activities (e.g., acoustic analyses of speech sounds, individual and small-group assignments, etc.). Course work includes students' presentation of one of the readings, their homework assignments, and their research results prior to submission of their term paper.

STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Read and reflect on all assigned readings prior to class lectures and discussion.
2. Attend class regularly, and punctually.
3. Participate actively in class discussions and other class activities, including presenting and reporting on homework assignments.
4. Submit 2 short homework assignments (about 3 double-spaced pages, plus references, and accompanying sound files or other data as needed).[1]
5. Explore the literature on Chinese phonetics and phonology, and select one article for presentation and class discussion. (Scheduling of topics and readings will be finalized during the first few weeks of class, after students have selected their article.)
6. For the term paper project:
   • Turn in a one-page, double-spaced, term paper proposal with select references in Week 6. Submit a digital copy to the Dropbox for the course at Carmen.osu.edu.
   • Present an oral version of some key findings from the research project at the end of the quarter.[2]
   • Submit a short term paper in hardcopy and digital format (about 8 pages, double-spaced, not including references and other supporting materials such as images (e.g., charts and figures), sound files, appendices, etc.[3]
7. All course assignments in digital format are to be uploaded to your Dropbox in Carmen.osu.edu under Chinese 782.

[1] These are hands-on, data-driven analyses and written responses to specific questions from the instructor based on the readings. The assignments should be submitted in hardcopy format and in digital format (RTF, PDF, or HTML format).

[2] Prepare a digital file in PowerPoint format for a PowerPoint presentation in class.

[3] Submit the term paper in hardcopy format and in digital format (RTF, DOC, or PDF). (If some other digital format is used, be sure to discuss it with the instructor first.)

(Note: For students enrolling for an extra 2 credits under Chinese 693, submit a lengthier research paper or a third homework assignment (designed by the student with approval from the instructor).)

DISABILITY SERVICES

Students with disabilities that have been certified by the Office for Disability Services will be appropriately accommodated, and should inform the instructor as soon as possible of their needs. The Office for Disability Services is located in 150 Pomerene Hall, 1760 Neil Avenue (Tel: 292.3307. TDD: 292.0901)

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY (ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT)

Academic integrity is essential to maintaining an environment that fosters excellence in teaching, research, and other educational and scholarly activities. Failure to follow the rules and guidelines established in OSU's Code of Student Conduct may constitute “Academic Misconduct.” OSU's Code of Student Conduct (section 3335-23-04 Prohibited conduct) defines as academic misconduct “[a]ny activity that tends to compromise the academic integrity of the university, or subvert the educational process.” Examples of academic misconduct include (but are not limited to) plagiarism, collusion (unauthorized collaboration), copying the work of another student, possession of unauthorized materials during an examination, and submission of the same work for credit in two (or more) courses. Ignorance of the University's Code of Student Conduct is never considered an “excuse” for academic misconduct; hence, be sure to review the sections dealing with academic misconduct in the Code of Student Conduct. Be sure also to read the University's Ten Suggestions for Preserving Academic Integrity and/or the Eight Cardinal Rules of Academic Integrity (from Northwestern U.). The University's policy on academic misconduct will be enforced in accordance with Faculty Rule 3335-5-54, and all alleged cases of academic misconduct will be reported to the Office of Academic Affairs' Committee on Academic Misconduct (COAM) for resolution. In addition, graduate students should be familiar with the Graduate Student Code of Research and Scholarly Conduct (pdf). Students with questions concerning the University's policies or questions concerning academic or research misconduct are encouraged to ask the instructor any time during the quarter.

GRADING

There will be no midterm or final examination. Grading will be based on:

Class discussions/participation/in-class assignments	30%
Presentation and discussion of article/reading	10%
Homework assignments (2)	20%
Research project (all phases)	40%
	------
	100%

SCHEDULE

Classes are held on Fridays.
The schedule of topics below may be revised subject to
changes in students’ choices of articles for presentation.

WEEK 1
1/4   No class Friday's classes in Week 1 are replaced by Monday's classes this quarter. Chinese 782 begins in Week 2.

WEEK 2
1/11   Orientation and Introduction Brief introduction to phonetics and phonology in the past century International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), transcription, and Pinyin romanization Overview of modern standard Chinese In-class reading & discussion: Lin (Ch. 1 & 6), Lee & Zee (2003) Suppl. reading: Chan (2003)

WEEK 3
1/18   Consonants Articulatory and acoustic properties; x-ray tracings; speech analysis using Praat Readings: Lin (Ch. 2) Ladefoged and Wu (1984) Peng (1993)

WEEK 4
1/25   Vowels, Glides, and Syllable Structure Articulatory and acoustic properties; x-ray tracings; speech analysis using Praat; vowel charts and formant-plotting Readings: Lin (Ch. 3 & 5) Chen, Anderson & Li (2004) Due: Homework Assignment 1.

WEEK 5
2/1   Tones and Absolute Pitch Speech analysis using Praat, Wavesurfer and other software programs Readings: Lin (Ch. 4) Deutsch et al. (2006) Wang, Jongman & Sereno (2001) Wang, Sereno & Jongman (2006) Suppl. Reading: Delogu, Lampis & Belardinelli (2006); Jongman et al. (2006)

WEEK 6
2/8   Segmental Processes Readings: Lin (Ch. 7 & 8) Tseng (2005) Extracurricular Activity (4:30-5:18 p.m.): Speech Analysis Tutorial & Demo Due: One-page project proposal and select references.

WEEK 7
2/15   Tonal Processes Readings: Lin (Ch. 9) Myers & Tsay (2003) Due: Homework Assignment 2.

WEEK 8
2/22   Some Issues in Phonology I: Orthography, Typology, and Language Change Change Readings: Chen, Shu, Wu & Anderson (2003) Ziegler, Tan, Perry & Montant (2000) J. Zhang (1997) Q. Zhang (2006)

WEEK 9
2/29   Some Issues in Phonology II: Stress and Intonation Readings: Lin (Ch. 10) Shen (1990) Lee (2004)

WEEK 10
3/7   Student Presentations

WEEK 11:   EXAM WEEK
Term paper due: Wednesday, 12 March 2008, 12:00 noon

READINGS

1. Lin, Yen-Hwei. 2007. Chinese. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge U. Press. [ISBN: 978-0-521-60398-0 (pbk); Call No.: PL1205 .L56 2007]

ADDITIONAL READINGS

1. Chen, Xi, Hua Shu, Ningning Wu, and Richard C. Anderson. 2003. Stages in learning to pronounce Chinese characters. Psychology in the Schools 40.1: 115-124. [OSU e-journal article]
2. Chen, Xi, Richard C. Anderson, Wenling Li, Meiling Hao, Xinchun Wu, and Hua Shu. 2004. Phonological awareness of bilingual and monolingual Chinese children. Journal of Educational Psychology 96.1: 142-151. [OSU e-journal article]
3. Deutsch, Diana, Trevor Henthorn, Elizabeth Marvin, HongShuai Xu. 2006. Absolute pitch among American and Chinese conservatory students: Prevalence differences, and evidence for a speech-related critical period (L). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119.2: 719-722. [OSU e-journal article]
4. Ladefoged, Peter and Zongji Wu. 1984. Places of articulation: an investigation of Pekingese fricatives and affricates. Journal of Phonetics 12: 267-278.
5. Lee, Ok Joo. 2004. How do we ask questions in Mandarin? - An acoustic study of yes-no questions in the Beijing variety of Mandarin. In: Chuanren Ke (editor), Proceedings of the Sixteenth North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics. Pages 205-220.
6. Lee, Wai-Sum and Eric Zee. 2003. Illustrations of the IPA: Standard Chinese (Beijing). Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33/1: 109-112. [OSU e-journal article]
7. Myers, James and Jane Tsay. 2003. Investigating the phonetics of Mandarin tone sandhi. Taiwan Journal of Linguistics Vol. 1.1: 29-68.
8. Peng, Shu-hui. 1993. Cross-language influence on the production of Mandarin /f/ and /x/ and Taiwanese /h/ by speakers of Taiwanese Amoy. Phonetica 50: 245-260.
9. Shen, Xiao-nan. 1990. The Prosody of Mandarin Chinese. Berkeley: U. of California Pr. [P25 .C15 v.118] [Excerpts: Chapter 1 (Introduction) and Chapter 2 (Basic intonation patterns of Mandarin Chinese).]
10. Tseng, Shu-Chuan. 2005. Monosyllabic word merger in Mandarin. Language Variation and Change 17: 231–256.
11. Wang, Yue, Allard Jongman and Joan A. Sereno. 2001. Dichotic perception of Mandarin tones by Chinese and American listeners. Brain and Language 78: 332-348. [OSU e-journal article]
12. Wang, Yue, Joan A. Sereno, and Allard Jongman. 2006. L2 acquisition and processing of Mandarin tone. In: Ping Li, Li Hai Tan, Elizabeth Bates, and Ovid J.L. Tzeng (editors), Handbook of East Asian Psycholinguistics. Volume 1: Chinese. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Pages 250-256. [Note: Available from the second author's website is a prepublication version (pdf file).]
13. Zhang, Jie. 1997. A typology of ru tones in Chinese dialects—Evidence for phonetically-driven phonology. In: Hua Lin (editor), Proceedings of the Ninth North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics. Two volumes. Los Angeles: GSIL Publications, University of Southern California. [Note: Available from the UCLA website is a prepublication version (pdf file).]
14. Zhang, Qing. 2006. Cosmopolitan Mandarin: Linguistic practices of Chinese waiqi professionals. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 16.2: 215-235. [OSU e-journal article]
15. Ziegler, Johannes C., Li Hai Tan, Conrad Perry, and Marie Montant. 2000. Phonology matters: The phonological frequency effect in written Chinese. Psychological Science 11.3: 234-238. [OSU e-journal article]

SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS

1. Andrianopoulos, Mary V., Keith N. Darrow, and Jie Chen. 2001. Multimodal standardization of voice among four multicultural populations: Fundamental frequency and spectral characteristics. Journal of Voice 15.2: 194–219.
2. Bassetti, Benedetta. 2006. Orthographic input and phonological representations in learners of Chinese as a foreign language. Written Language and Literacy 9.1: 95-114. [OSU e-journal article and also available online at eprints.bbk.ac.uk.]
3. Blicher, Deborah L. Randy L. Diehl and Leslie B. Cohen. 1990. Effects of syllable duration on the perception of the Mandarin Tone 2/Tone 3 distinction: evidence of auditory enhancement. Journal of Phonetics 18: 37-49.
4. Cao, Jianfen. 2004. Intonation structure of spoken Chinese: Universality and characteristics. «语音学与言语处理前沿 » (庆祝吴宗济先生 95 华诞论文集). 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社.
5. Chan, Marjorie K.M. 1987. Tone and melody in Cantonese. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1987) 13: 26-37.
6. Chan, Marjorie K.M. 1989. On the status of 'basic' tones. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 21.2: 5-34.
7. Chan, Marjorie K.M. 1993. Review of: Xiao-nan Susan Shen (1990). The Prosody of Mandarin Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press. Journal of Phonetics 21.3: 343-347.
8. Chan, Marjorie K.M. 1996. Sound symbolism and the Chinese language. Proceedings of the 7th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL) and the 4th International Conference on Chinese Linguistics (ICCL). Two volumes, edited by Tsai Fa Cheng, Yafei Li and Hongming Zhang. Los Angeles, CA: GSIL Publications, University of Southern California. Volume 2, pp.17-34. [ See PDF file (210 KB) ]
9. Chan, Marjorie K.M. 1996. Some thoughts on the typology of sound symbolism and the Chinese language. Proceedings of the 8th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-8). Two volumes, edited by Chin-chuan Cheng, Jerome Packard, James Yoon, and Yu-ling You. Los Angeles, CA: GSIL Publications, University of Southern California. Volume 2, pp. 1-15. [ See PDF file (210 KB) ]
10. Chan, Marjorie K.M. 2003. The digital age and speech technology for Chinese language teaching and learning. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 38.2: 49-86. [See PDF file (2.6 MB)]
11. Chao, Yuen-Ren. 1948. The voiced velar fricative as an initial in Mandarin. Le Maitre Phonetique 89: 2-3.
12. Chao, Yuen Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.
13. Chen, Gwang-tsai. 1972. The pitch range of English and Chinese speakers. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 2.2:159-171.
14. Chen, Gwang Tsai. 1972. A Comparative Study of Pitch Range of Native Speakers of Midwestern English and Mandarin Chinese: An Acoustic Study. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin.
15. Chen, Jenn-Yeu Chen. 1999. The representation and processing of tone in Mandarin Chinese: Evidence from slips of the tongue. Applied Psycholinguistics 20: 289-301.
16. Chen, Marilyn Y. 2000. Acoustic analysis of simple vowels preceding a nasal in Standard Chinese. Journal of Phonetics 28: 43-67.
17. Chen, Matthew Y. 2000. Tone Sandhi: Patterns Across Chinese Dialects. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
18. Chen, Yiya. 2006. Durational adjustment under corrective focus in Standard Chinese. Journal of Phonetics 34: 176–201.
19. Cheng, Chin-Chuan. 1968. English stresses and Chinese tones in Chinese sentences. Phonetica 18:77-88.
20. Cheng, Chin-chuan. 1973. A Synchronic Phonology of Mandarin Chinese. The Hague: Mouton.
21. Davis, Junko. 2004. A Prosodic Study of the "Inverted Sentence" in Beijing Mandarin. M.A. thesis, The Ohio State University.
22. Delogu, Franco, Giulia Lampis, and Marta Olivetti Belardinelli. 2006. Music-to-language transfer effect: May melodic ability improve learning of tonal languages by native nontonal speakers? Cognitive Process 7: 203-207. [OSU e-journal publication (Letter to the Editor)]
23. Deutsch, Diana. 2002. The puzzle of absolute pitch. Current Directions in Psychological Science 11.6: 200-204.
24. Duanmu San. 1995. Metrical and tonal phonology of compounds in two Chinese dialects. Language 71.2: 225-259.
25. Duanmu, San. 2007. The Phonology of Standard Chinese. Second edition. Oxford, UK: Oxford U. Press.
26. Farris, Catherine S. 1995. A semeiotic analysis of sajiao as a gender marked communication style in Chinese. In: Marshall Johnson and Fred Y.L. Chiu (editors), Unbound Taiwan: Closeups from a Distance. (Select Papers Volume No. 8.) Chicago: Center for East Asian Studies, University of Chicago. Pages 1-29.
27. Fu, Qian-Jie, Fan-Gang Zeng, Robert V. Shannon and Sigfrid D. Soli. 1998. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 104.1: 505-510.
28. Gandour, Jack, Mario Dzemidzic, Donald Wong, Mark Lowe, Yunxia Tong, Li Hsieh, Nakarin Satthamnuwong, and Joseph Luritob. 2003. Temporal integration of speech prosody is shaped by language experience: An fMRI study. Brain and Language 84: 318–336
29. Gandour, Jackson, Yunxia Tong, Donald Wong, Thomas Talavage, Mario Dzemidzic, Yisheng Xu, Xiaojian Li and Mark Lowe. 2004. Hemispheric roles in the perception of speech prosody. NeuroImage 23: 344–357.
30. Gandour,Jackson, Yunxia Tong, Thomas Talavage, Donald Wong, Mario Dzemidzic, Yisheng Xu, Xiaojian Li, and Mark Lowe. 2007. Neural basis of first and second language processing of sentence-level linguistic prosody. Human Brain Mapping 28: 94-108.
31. Goh, Yeng-Seng. 1997. The Segmental Phonology of Beijing Mandarin. Taipei: Crane Publishing Co., Ltd.
32. Gottfried, T.L. and T.L. Suiter, T. L. 1997. Effect of linguistic experience on the identification of Mandarin Chinese vowels and tones. Journal of Phonetics 25.2: 207-231.
33. Hallé, Pierre A., Yueh-Chin Chang, Catherine T. Best. 2004. Identification and discrimination of Mandarin Chinese tones by Mandarin Chinese vs. French listeners. Journal of Phonetics 32.3: 395-421.
34. Howie, John Marshall. 1976. Acoustical Studies of Mandarin Vowels and Tones. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press.
35. Hsiao, Janet Hui-wen and Richard Shillcock. 2005. Foveal splitting causes differential processing of Chinese orthography in the male and female brain. Cognitive Brain Research 25: 531–536.
36. Hu, Mingyang (胡明扬). 1987. Putonghua he Beijinghua. (普通话和北京话) (Putonghua and Beijinghua). Part II. In: Beijinghua Chu Tan (北京话初探)
    (The online article is a GB-encoded TEXT file that was at Hu Wenze's Chinese Dialectology webpage, part of Hu Wenze and Tao Hongyin's Chinese Linguistics Page.)
37. Hu, Mingyang (胡明扬). 1991. Beijinghua shengmu W de yinzhi (北京话声母W音值) (Phonetic value of W initial in Beijing speech). In: Yuyanxue Lunwen Xuan (语言论文选) (Selected Writings in Linguistics). Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Chubanshe. Pp. 244-245.
    (This online article is a UTF8-encoded webpage (converted from an earlier GB-encoded webpage that was based on Hu Wenze's original MS Word 6 DOC file housed at his Chinese Linguistics website).)
38. Hu, Mingyang. 1991. Feminine accent in the Beijing vernacular: a sociolinguistic investigation. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association XXVI.1: 49-54. (Available online at the Chinese Linguistics Page (under "Sociolinguistics").) (Chinese version in: Hu Mingyang. 1991. Nü guoyin (北京话 '女国音'). In: Yuyanxue Lunwen Xuan (语言论文选) (Selected Writings in Linguistics). Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Chubanshe. Pages 230-243.)
39. Huang, Tsan. 2004. Language-Specificity in Auditory Perception of Chinese Tones. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University.
40. Jin, Shunde. 1996. An Acoustic Study of Sentence Stress in Mandarin Chinese. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University.
41. Jones, H. Rodney. 1997. Beyond "listen and repeat": Pronunciation teaching materials and theories of second language acquisition. System 25.1: 103-112.
42. Jones, Jeffrey A. and K.G. Munhall. 2002. The role of auditory feedback during phonation: Studies of Mandarin tone production. Journal of Phonetics 30: 303-320.
43. Jongman, Allard, Yue Wang, Corrine Moore, and Joan A. Sereno. 2006. Perception and production of Mandarin tones. In: Ping Li, Li Hai Tan, Elizabeth Bates, and Ovid J.L. Tzeng (editors), Handbook of East Asian Psycholinguistics. Volume 1: Chinese. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Pages 209-216. [Note: Available from the fourth author's website is a prepublication version (pdf file).]
44. Khouw, Edwardand Valter Ciocca. 2007. Perceptual correlates of Cantonese tones. Journal of Phonetics 35: 104–117.
45. Kochetov, Alexei and Connie K. So. 2007. Place assimilation and phonetic grounding: A cross-linguistic perceptual study. Phonology 24: 397-432.
46. Kong, Ying-Yee Kong and Fan-Gang Zeng. 2006. Temporal and spectral cues in Mandarin tone recognition. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120.5:
    2830–2840.
47. Kratochvil, Paul. 1968. The Chinese Language Today. London: Hutchinson University Library.
48. Kratochvil, Paul. 1998. Intonation in Beijing Chinese. In: Daniel Hirst and Albert Di Cristo (editors.), Intonation Systems: A Survey of Twenty Languages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge U. Press. Pages 417-431.
49. Krishnana, Ananthanarayan, Yisheng Xu, Jackson Gandour and Peter Cariani. 2005. Encoding of pitch in the human brainstem is sensitive to language experience. Cognitive Brain Research 25: 161-168.
50. LaPolla, Randy. 1994. An experimental investigation into phonetic symbolism as it relates to Mandarin Chinese. In: Leanne Hinton, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala (editors), Sound Symbolism,. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge U. Press. Pages 130-147.
51. Lee, Ok Joo. 2000. The Pragmatics and Intonation of Ma-Particle Questions in Mandarin. M.A. thesis, The Ohio State University.
52. Lee, Ok Joo. 2005. The Prosody of Questions in Beijing Mandarin. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University.
53. Li, Aijun. 2002. Chinese prosody and prosodic labeling of spontaneous speech. Paper presented at the Speech Prosody 2002, International Conference, held on 11-13 April 2002 in Aix-en-Provence, France. [Available online from the International Speech Communication Association's ISCA Archive.]
54. Liang, Jie and Vincent J. van Heuven. 2004. Evidence for separate tonal and segmental tiers in the lexical specification of words: A case study of a brain-damaged Chinese speaker. Brain and Language 91: 282–293.
55. Liao, Rongrong. 1994. Pitch Contour Formation in Mandarin Chinese: A Study of Tone and Intonation. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University.
56. Lin, Hua. 1996. Mandarin Tonology. Taipei: Pyramid Press.
57. Liu, Huei-Mei Liu, Feng-Ming Tsao and Patricia K. Kuhl. 2007. Acoustic analysis of lexical tone in Mandarin infant-directed speech. Developmental Psychology 43.4: 912–917.
58. Liu, Li, Danling Peng, Guosheng Ding, Zhen Jin, Lei Zhang, Ke Li and Chuansheng Chen. 2006. Dissociation in the neural basis underlying Chinese tone and vowel production. NeuroImage 29: 515–523.
59. Liu, Yi and Pascale Fung. 2004. Pronunciation modeling for spontaneous mandarin speech recognition. International Journal of Speech Technology 7: 155-172.
60. Moore, Corinne B. and Allard Jongman. 1997. Speaker normalization in the perception of Mandarin Chinese tones. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102.3: 1864-1877.
61. Ni, Jinfu, Hisashi Kawai and Keikichi Hirose. 2006. Constrained tone transformation technique for separation and combination of Mandarin tone and intonation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119.3: 1764–1782.
62. Peng, Shu-hui. 1996. Phonetic Implementation and Perception of Place Coarticulation and Tone Sandhi. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University. (Mandarin Third Tone sandhi and place assimilation between Taiwanese coda and onset stops are examined. See abstract, part of OSDL.)
63. Peng, Shu-hui, Marjorie K.M. Chan, Chiu-yu Tseng, Tsan Huang, Ok Joo Lee, and Mary E. Beckman. 2005. Towards a Pan-Mandarin system for prosodic transcription. In: Sun-Ah Jun (editor), Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Pages 230-270.
64. Shen, Jiaxuan. 1993. Slips of the tongue and the syllable structure. In: Shun-chiu Yau (editor), Essays on the Chinese Language by Contemporary Chinese Scholars. Paris: Centre de Recherches Linguistiques Sur L'Asie Orientale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales. Pages 139-162.
65. Shen, Jiong (沈炯). 1987. Beijinghua hekouhu ling shengmude yuyin fenqi (北京话合口呼零声母的语音分歧) (Phonetic differences of zero initial before finals beginning with u in the Beijing dialect.) Zhongguo Yuwen (中国语文) 5: 352-36
66. Shen, Xiao-nan. 1989. Interplay of the four citation tones and intonation in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 17.1: 61-74.
67. Shen, Xiaonan Susan and Maocan Lin. 1991. A perceptual study of Mandarin tones 2 and 3. Language and Speech 34.2: 145-156.
68. Siok, Wai Ting, Zhen Jin, Paul Fletcher and Li Hai Tan. 2003. Distinct brain regions associated with syllable and phoneme. Human Brain Mapping 18: 201–207.
69. Tan, Li Hai and Charles A. Perfetti. 1997. Visual Chinese character recognition: Does phonological information mediate access to meaning? Journal of Memory and Language 37.1: 41-57.
70. Wan, I-Ping. 2007. On the phonological organization of Mandarin tones. Lingua 117: 1715–1738.
71. Wan, I-Ping and Jeri Jaeger. 1998. Speech errors and the representation of tone in Mandarin Chinese. Phonology 15: 417-461.
72. Wang, H. Samuel. 1995. Experimental Studies in Taiwanese Phonology. Taipei: Crane Publishing Co. Ltd. (It includes a discussion of segmentation of the syllable into phoneme-sized units and speech errors ('slips of the tongue'). Also addressed is the issue of the psychological reality of tone sandhi rules and related issues.)
73. Wang, Jing. 2004. Rhythmic Grouping, Tone Sandhi and Stress in Beijing Mandarin. Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
74. Wang, Yue, Dawn M. Behne, Allard Jongman, and Joan A. Sereno. 2004. The role of linguistic experience in the hemispheric processing of lexical tone. Applied Psycholinguistics 25: 449-466.
75. Wang, Yue, Joan A. Sereno, Allard Jongman, and Joy Hirsch. 2003. fMRI evidence for cortical modification during learning of Mandarin lexical tone. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15.7: 1019-1027. (OSU e-journal article and also available at the second author's website as a pdf file.]
76. Wei, Longxing. 2002. The bilingual mental lexicon and speech production process. Brain and Language 81: 691-707.
77. Wong, Patrick C. M. and Randy L. Diehl. 2002. How can the lyrics of a song in a tone language be understood? Psychology of Music 30: 202-209.
78. Wong, Wai Yi P., Marjorie K.M. Chan, and Mary E. Beckman. 2005. An autosegmental-metrical analysis and prosodic annotation conventions for Cantonese. In: Sun-Ah Jun (editor), Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Pages 271-300.
79. Wu, Ningning. 2000. Phonetic awareness: Knowledge of orthography—phonology relationships in the character acquisition of Chinese children. Journal of Educational Psychology 92.1: 56-62.
80. Wu, Zongji (吳宗済). 1986. Hanyu Putonghua Danyinjie Yutu Ce (汉语普通话单音节语图册) (= The Spectrographic Album of Mono-syllables of Standard Chinese). Beijing: Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe.
81. Xu, Ching X. and Yi Xu. 2003. Effects of consonant aspiration on Mandarin tones. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33.2: 165-181.
82. Xu, Yaoda, Alexander Pollatsek and Mary C. Potter. 1999. The activation of phonology during silent Chinese word reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology 25.4: 838-857.
83. Xu, Yi. 1997. Contextual tonal variations in Mandarin. Journal of Phonetics 25.1: 61-83.
84. Xu, Yi. 1999. Effects of tone and focus on the formation and alignment of f_o contours. Journal of Phonetics 27: 55-105.
85. Xu, Yi and Fang Liu. 2007. Determining the temporal interval of segments with the help of F0 contours. Journal of Phonetics 35. 3: 398-420.
86. Xu, De Bao (ed.). 2001. Chinese Phonology in Generative Grammar. San Diego: Academic Press.
87. Yip, Moira. 2002. Tone. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
88. Yip, Moira. 2003. Casting doubt on the Onset-Rime distinction. Lingua 113: 779-816.
89. Yuan, J., C. Shih, et al. 2002. Comparison of declarative and interrogative intonation in Chinese. Paper presented at the Speech Prosody 2002, International Conference, held on 11-13 April 2002 in Aix-en-Provence, France. [Available online from the International Speech Communication Association's ISCA Archive.]
90. Yuan, J. and C. Shih. 2004. Confusability of Chinese intonation. Paper presented at the Speech Prosody 2004, International Conference, in Nara, Japan. [Available online from the International Speech Communication Association's ISCA Archive.]
91. Zhang, Jin-Song, Satoshi Nakamura and Keikichi Hirose. 2005. Tone nucleus-based multi-level robust acoustic tonal modeling of sentential F0 variations for Chinese continuous speech tone recognition. Speech Communication 46: 440–454.
92. Zhang, Zheng-sheng. 1988. Tone and Tone Sandhi in Chinese. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University.
93. Zhou, Xiaolin and William Marslen-Wilson. 1997. The abstractness of phonological representation in the Chinese mental lexicon. In Cognitive Processing of Chinese and Related Asian Languages, edited by Husan-Chih Chen. Hong Kong: Chinese U. of Hong Kong. (On Third Tone sandhi.)
94. Zhou, Xiaolin and William Marslen-Wilson. 1999. Phonology, orthography, and semantic activation in reading Chinese. Journal of Memory and Language 41.4: 579-606.
    
    
    ... more to be added later

SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES

1. Fromkin, Victoria A. 1973. Slips of the tongue. Scientific American 229.6: 110-117.
2. Gussenhoven, Carlos and Haike Jacobs. 1998. Understanding Phonology. New York: Arnold.
3. Hinton, Leanne, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala. 1994. Introduction. In: Leanne Hinton, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala (editors), Sound Symbolism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Pages 1-12.
4. Jakobson, Roman. 1971. Quest for the essence of language. In: Selected Writings II. The Hague: Mouton. Pages 345-359.
5. Johnson, Keith. 1997. Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics. Cambridge, MA.: Blackwell Publishers.
6. Ladefoged, Peter. 2003. Phonetic Data Analysis: An Introduction to Fieldwork and Instrumental Techniques. Malden, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
7. Ladefoged, Peter. 2005. Vowels and Consonants: An Introduction to the Sounds of Languages. Second edition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
8. Ladefoged, Peter. 2006. A Course in Phonetics. Fifth edition. Boston: Thomson, Wadsworth.
9. Ladefoged, Peter and Ian Maddieson. 1996. The Sounds of the World's Languages. Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
10. Maddieson, Ian. 1984. Patterns of Sounds. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge U. Press.
11. Ohala, John J. 1994. The frequency code underlies the sound-symbolic use of voice pitch. In: Leanne Hinton, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala (editors), Sound Symbolism,. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge. University Press. Pages 325-347.
12. Sapir, Edward. 1929. A study in phonetic symbolism. Journal of Experimental Psychology 12: 225-239. (Reprinted in: David G. Mandelbaum (editor), Selected Writings of Edward Sapir in Language, Culture and Personality. 1949. Berkeley: U. of California Press. Pages 61-72.)
13. Saussure, Ferdinand de. 1959. Course in General Linguistics, edited by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye. Translated by Wade Baskin. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
14. Taylor, John R. 1995. Linguistic Categorization: Prototypes in Linguistic Theory. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press.
15. Wennerstrom, Ann K. 2001. The Music of Everyday Speech: Prosody and Discourse Analysis. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
    
    
    ... more to be added later

SOME ONLINE RESOURCES

• Ohio State University:
  • Ohio State University Libraries. Ohio State's online catalogues, as well as links to OhioLINK Catalog, WorldCat, etc. Search the Online catalogue for books, journals, e-journals, books and other materials reserved for a course, etc.
  • Indices/Tables of Content of some Chinese linguistics journals that are subscribed by OSU Libraries:
    • Journal of Chinese Linguistics: Index of Articles (1973- ).
    • Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association: Authors and Topics Indices (1966- ).
    • Journal of East Asian Linguistics: Table of Contents of Published Issues (1992- ).
    • Yuyan Jiaoxue Yu Yanjiu [English title: Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies] (No online indices — Main (EAS): PL1004 .Y827)
    • Yuyan Yanjiu: Table of Contents Index (Eng./GB) (1981- ); (Main: PL1004 .Y84)
      Part of Wenze Hu and Hongyin Tao's Chinese Linguistics Page.
    • Zhongguo Yuwen: Table of Contents Index (GB for now, Eng. under construction) (1995- ).
  • Chinese Collection at OSU Libraries. This is part of the East Asian Collection that is currently housed in Ackerman Library. Ohio State has an extensive Chinese-language collection of books and periodicals to support teaching and research. Chinese-language audio-visual materials, including video and audiotapes and non-data CD-ROMs and DVDs, are one part of the Chinese collection that is kept on the main campus at the Sullivant (Main) Library.
    
    Chinese-language linguistics journal titles subscribed by OSU Libraries, originally provided by Guoqing Li, Chinese Studies Librarian (9/19/01 guest lecture in C680), with romanization converted from Wade-Giles to Pinyin, and Chinese characters added:
    • Zhongguo Yu Wen 中国语文 (Renmin Jiaoyu Chubanshe) PL1004 .C44 (bimonthly)
    • Zhongguo Yu Wen 中國語文 (Taipei, Taiwan) PL1004 .C5 (monthly)
    • Zhongguo Yu Wen Tong Xun 中國語文通訊. PL1004 .C57 (bimonthly)
    • Han Zi Wen Hua 漢字文化. PL1281 .H365 (quarterly)
    • Hanyu Xuexi 汉语学习. PL1004 .H35 (bimonthly)
    • Yuwen Jiaoxue Tongxun 语文教学通讯. PL1004 .Y74 (monthly)
    • Yu Wen Jian She Tong Xun 語文建設通訊 (Hong Kong). PL1175 .A1 H35Y8 (quarterly)
    • Yuwen Xuexi 语文学习 (Renmin Jiaoyu Chubanshe). PL1004 .Y8 (monthly; 1954-1959,2004)
    • Yuwen Xuexi 语文学习 (Shanghai Shifan Daxue) PL1004 Y824 (monthly)
    • Yuwenyuekan 语文月刊. PL1004 .Y8267
  • OhioLINK's Electronic Journal Center (EJC) available for OSU users.
  • ISTOR – Depository for back issues of various journals, including e-journals, available for OSU users.
  • ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Proquest's database contains citations for dissertations and theses done at U.S., Canadian and some foreign institutions. Free PDFs of all dissertations published since 1997. (Licensed for OSU academic use only.)
  • Center for the Study and Teaching of Writing (CSTW). Excellent resources, "handouts", tutorials, etc., to assist undergraduate students — and those for whom English is a second (or third) foreign language — in their research and writing. The Center also provides a web page on plagiarism, giving a definition of plagiarism, together with a set of Basic Citation Rules and Examples, including use of direct quotes versus paraphrasing, etc. To cite books for this course, one recommendation is to use the sciences style for bibliography and in-text citations in the Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guide, available online from OSU Libraries.
  • net.TUTOR (OSU Libraries' set of online tutorials, such as developing research skills in using WWW and other Net resources)
• Student Resources for Compositions and Sources: Their Use and Acknowledgement (Composition Center, Dartmouth College)
  NOTE: How to cite a webpage -- include three pieces of information: title, URL, and date of access – for example:

  Marjorie Chan's Chinese 782: Chinese Phonology <http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/chan9/c782.htm> (Winter Quarter 2008) [Accessed 5 January 2008].
  
  (Or click here to cite this particular web page using "copy-and-paste." Hit "BACK" on your web browser to return to this part of the web page.)

• On-line Resources for Documenting Electronic Sources (Online Writing Lab, Purdue University)
• Journals available from Multilingual Matters. Online issues of e-journals that may or may not be subscribed by OSU/OhioLINK; e-journals include: International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Current Issues in Language Planning, Current Issues in Language & Society, International Journal of Multilingualism, Journal of Multicultural Discourses, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, Language Awareness, Language and Intercultural Communication, Language Culture and Curriculum, and Language and Education.
• Journal Abstracts and Full-Text (Blackwell Synergy Search Engine) Online search of articles from 873 leading journals published by Blackwell, including those in social and behavioral sciences, of which a subgroup is "language and linguistics". Access to abstracts and full-text (PDF files) also if OSU Libraries subscribes to a given e-journal.
• Linguist List: 2008 Tables of Contents (TOC) (for some linguistic journals, and links to back issues as well)
• Google:
  • Google Scholar. Search Google Scholar for books and online articles.
  • Google Book Search. Search for books by entering a keyword or phrase. Clicking on a book title provides some basic information about the book, and potentially a few snippets (i.e., a few sentences containing your keyword or phrase in context) or full pages, or the entire book, if it is out of copyright. A search can also be conducted within the original search to further refine the search. Explore the website for further features.
  • Google Video. Search for videos and video excerpts.
• OSU Office of Responsible Research Practices (ORRP). The Institutional Review Board (IRB), administered under the ORRP, oversees research activities at OSU, including research involving Human Subjects. "All research activities involving human subjects must be reviewed and approved by an IRB unless the Office of Responsible Research Practices prospectively determines that the research falls into a category of exemption established by federal regulation." The ORRP holds regular Workshops for faculty and graduate students, including those aimed specifically at students, such as workshops on "IRB Training for OSU Students." The website also has a page on News & Announcements, which has links to the online Buck-IRB Newsletter.
• OSU Undergraduate Research Office. Information sessions on opportunities for undergraduate students to engage in research, regularly scheduled IRB Staff Assistance for Student Researchers, etc.
• OSU College of Humanities. Information on undergraduate / graduate student funding opportunities, faculty, departments and units in the College, etc.
• OSU Institute of Chinese Studies (ICS). The ICS is "a center for scholarly research, student training, and public programming about the Chinese-speaking world for OSU faculty, students, the P-12 community, business and government, and members of the general public."
• OSU East Asian Studies Center (EASC). The Title VI NRC/FLAS East Asian Studies Center (EASC) at The Ohio State University's mission is "the broad dissemination of basic knowledge and advanced research on the cultures, languages, history, politics, and economies of East Asia."
• MC's Course-Related Bibliographies and Other Resources:
  • Marjorie Chan's Chinese Language and Gender On-Line Bibliography. Bibliography, some web-accessible articles, online collections of gender-related course syllabi, etc.
  • Marjorie Chan's Modern Chinese Dialects Bibliography. Bibliography of articles and references that were extracted from the Spring 2004 Chinese 785 course syllabus, and is updated from time to time.
  • Marjorie Chan's Word Lists and Online Glossaries/Dictionaries. Annotated links to online and downloadable Chinese word lists, frequency lists, dictionaries, etc.
• Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks (ChinaLInks.osu.edu). Anotated links to Chinese culture, language, and linguistics. Also hosted under ChinaLinks.osu.edu site is the 20th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-20), to be held at The Ohio State University on 25-27 April 2008.
• MC's Courses and Archived Course Syllabi. Course syllabi contain readings and references that may provide an additional source for references.

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The photo used as the logo was originally from the website of the Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden (中山公園). This garden, which is located in Vancouver Chinatown, Canada, and just half a block from my mother's dwelling, is the only full-sized classical Chinese garden outside China. Although built in the 1980's, it used the ancient techniques of the originals that were built in the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).
Created 2 June 1996. Most recent major revision: 5 January 2008 for Winter Quarter 2008.
Last update: 2 February 2008.
Copyright © 1996-2008 Marjorie K.M. Chan. All rights reserved on course syllabus and online materials developed for this course. If you have difficulty accessing any portion of this web page or need the information in an alternative format, please contact the instructor at <chan.9 @ osu.edu> (close the gap).