SPRING QUARTER 1999 Professor Marjorie K.M. Chan Dept. of E. Asian Lang. & Lit. The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210

Reading selections will be placed in 208 Cunz Hall and on Reserve in Main Library [hot link removed 6/13/99--mc].
Some reference books will also be placed on Reserve in Main Library.

Chinese 782 investigates the phonological structure of modern (Mandarin) Chinese. Other Chinese dialects may also be included for comparative purposes.

This course serves as a further study of modern (Mandarin) Chinese phonology beyond the introductory level (Chinese 680, 681). The course is divided into two parts. Part I covers important aspects of synchronic Chinese phonetics/phonology, including both segmental and suprasegmental phonology. Readings and class discussions will be supplemented by acoustic analyses of speech sounds, including comparisons with other Chinese dialects. Also studied will be the interface of phonology with other linguistic levels (e.g., morphology, syntax, semantics). Part II explores some issues in modern Chinese phonology from a cognitive-functional approach, touching upon such topics as (non-)arbitrariness and iconicity (with respect to sound symbolism), and prototypes (with respect to linguistic categorization). Readings in this course include classic works as well as recent literature on modern Chinese phonetics and phonology. The course aims to provide students with some cognitive and functional perspectives for further pedagogical and/or theoretical linguistic research.

The course will be conducted through lectures combined with class discussions of assigned readings. Course work includes students' submission of two squibs/short reaction papers.

Be prepared to discuss the assigned readings during class. Submit two squibs/short reaction papers (about 5 double-spaced, typed pages each), based on class readings, supplementary readings, and/or other sources introduced in class. Presentation of new, or supplementary, data is especially encouraged. Include tape recordings or sound files as needed. More details will be given later. Squibs may be submitted as hardcopies in the instructor's mailbox in DEALL, 204 Cunz Hall, or via email as attachment.

Grades are based on student attendance and participation, and on two squibs/short reaction papers. Those students taking two credit hours of Chinese 693 from instructor may choose to extend one of the papers or write a third one for the extra credit hours.

SCHEDULE

This class meets every Friday afternoon during the quarter.
Readings may be subject to change after the first week of classes.

Multimedia classroom with computers and internet connection from Week 4 onwards.

WEEK 1	Introduction and Background
April 2	Articulatory Phonetics: Place and Manner of Articulation International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) The Sounds of the IPA (CD-ROM)

PART I: MODERN CHINESE PHONOLOGY

WEEK 2	Segmental Phonology: Syllable Structure and Initials
April 9	Readings: Chao (1968), Ch.1.3.1 - 1.3.2 Cheng (1973), Ch.1, Ch.5 Kratochvil (1968), Ch.2.1 (pp.23-28 only) Supplementary Readings: Chao (1948) Hu (1991a, 1991b, 1991c)

WEEK 3	Segmental Phonology: Syllable Structure and Finals
April 16	Readings: Chao (1968), Ch.1.3.3, and 1.3.9 Cheng (1973), Ch.2 Kratochvil (1968), Ch.2.1 (pp.28-34 only) Shen (1993, on speech errors and syllable structure) [postponed to Week 4] Supplementary Reading: Fromkin (1973)
Dept. of Linguistics Lecture 3:30 p.m. 122 Oxley Hall	D. Robert Ladd University of Edinburgh "Segmental Anchoring of Tonal Targets: Some Consequences"

WEEK 4	Suprasegmental Phonology: Tone and Stress
April 23 3:00 - 4:48 pm 254 Central Classroom (Week 4 onwards)	Readings: Chao (1968), Ch.1.3.4 - 1.3.6 [revised] Kratochvil (1968), Ch.2.2 Cheng (1973), Ch.6.1 - 6.2; Ch.7.1 - 7.2 Lin (1996), Ch.2.1 - 2.4

WEEK 5

Suprasegmental Phonology: Intonation and Sentence Stress

April 30

Readings: Chao (1968), Ch.1.3.7 (on intonation patterns) [revised] Shen (1990), Ch.1 - 2 (on intonation patterns) Shen (1989, on declaratives and echo questions) [revised] Jin (1996, on sentence stress), Ch.2 Supplementary Reading: Chan (1993) (review of Shen 1990) Intonation of declaratives and echo Q's containing a syllable in: Tone 1 | Tone 3 Intonation and ma/a S-final particles preceded by a syllable in: Tone 1 | Tone 2 | Tone 3 | Tone 4

WEEK 6	Interface of Phonology with Other Grammatical Levels
May 7	Reading: Lien (1989, on antonymous quadrinominals) Students' oral presentation/summary of their squib. Turn in Squib 1. [Deadline extension for write-up of Squib 1: By Monday, May 10, 12:00 noon -- in my mailbox or as attachment via email.]

PART II: ISSUES IN MODERN CHINESE PHONOLOGY

WEEK 7	Sound Symbolism I
May 14	Readings: Sapir (1929/1949) LaPolla (1994) Supplementary readings: Saussure (1959, Ch.1-2) Jakobson (1971)

WEEK 8	Sound Symbolism II
May 21	Readings: Hinton et al. (1994, on a typology of sound symbolism) Chan (1996a, 1996b) Supplementary reading: Ohala (1994, on the sound-symbolic use of voice pitch)

WEEK 9	Linguistic Categorization and Prototypes I
May 28	Readings: Taylor (1995), Ch. 12 Ladefoged and Wu (1984) [added] Background reading: Taylor (1995), Ch.1-4 (Scan Chapter 1-4 for information on the classical approach to categorization (including its application to phonology -- you may skip Ch.2.3) and on prototype categories.)

WEEK 10	Linguistic Categorization and Prototypes II: Case of Tone 2 vs. Tone 3
June 4	Readings: Blicher et al. (1990) Shen and Lin (1991)

WEEK 11	Examination Week
June 7	Turn in Squib 2. Due by Monday, June 7, 12:00 noon -- in my mailbox in DEALL, 204 Cunz Hall, or as attachment via email. (Prior permission required for deadline extension.)

READINGS

1. Blicher, Deborah L. Randy L. Diehl and Leslie B. Cohen. 1990. "Effects of syllable duration on the perception of the Mandarin Tone 2/Tone 3 distinction: evidence of auditory enhancement." Journal of Phonetics 18:37-49.

2. Chan, Marjorie K.M. 1996a. "Sound symbolism and the Chinese language." Proceedings of the 7th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL) and the 4th International Conference on Chinese Linguistics (ICCL). Two volumes, edited by Tsai Fa Cheng, Yafei Li and Hongming Zhang. 1996. Los Angeles, CA: GSIL Publications, University of Southern California. Volume 2, pp.17-34. (Online DOC file available at my Publications website.)

3. Chan, Marjorie K.M. 1996b. "Some thoughts on the typology of sound symbolism and the Chinese language." Proceedings of the 8th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-8). Two volumes, edited by Chin-chuan Cheng, Jerome Packard, James Yoon, and Yu-ling You. 1996. Los Angeles, CA: GSIL Publications, University of Southern California. Volume 2, pp. 1-15. (Online DOC file available at my Publications website.)

4. Chao, Yuen Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press. (Excerpt: Chapter 1.3, "Phonology".)

5. Cheng, Chin-chuan. 1973. A Synchronic Phonology of Mandarin Chinese. The Hague: Mouton. (Excerpts: Chapter 1, "Introduction"; Chapter 2, "Finals"; Chapter 5, "Initials"; Chapter 6, "Tones".)

6. Hinton, Leanne, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala. 1994. "Introduction." In: Sound Symbolism, edited by Leanne Hinton, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 1-12.

7. Jin, Shunde. 1996. An Acoustic Study of Sentence Stress in Mandarin Chinese. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University. (Excerpt: Chapter 2, "Mandarin stress".)

8. Kratochvil, Paul. 1968. The Chinese Language Today. London: Hutchinson University Library. (Excerpt: Chapter 2, "Phonemics".)

9. Ladefoged, Peter and Zongji Wu. 1984. "Places of articulation: an investigation of Pekingese fricatives and affricates." Journal of Phonetics 12:267-278.

10. LaPolla, Randy. 1994. "An experimental investigation into phonetic symbolism as it relates to Mandarin Chinese." In: Sound Symbolism, edited by Leanne Hinton, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press. Pp.130-147.

11. Lien, Chinfa. 1989. "Antonymous quadrinominals in Chinese." Journal of Chinese Linguistics 17.2:263-306.

12. Lin, Hua. 1996. Mandarin Tonology. Taipei: Pyramid Press. (Excerpt: Chapter 2, "Previous works on Chinese tones", esp. pp.14-39.)

13. Sapir, Edward. 1929. "A study in phonetic symbolism." Journal of Experimental Psychology 12:225-239. (Reprinted in: Selected Writings of Edward Sapir in Language, Culture and Personality, edited by David G. Mandelbaum. 1949. Berkeley: U. of California Press. Pp. 61-72.

14. Shen, Xiao-nan. 1989. "Interplay of the four citation tones and intonation in Mandarin Chinese." Journal of Chinese Linguistics 17.1:61-74.

15. Shen, Xiao-nan. 1990. The Prosody of Mandarin Chinese. Berkeley: U. of California Pr. (Excerpts: Chapter 1, "Introduction"; Chapter 2, "Basic intonation patterns of Mandarin Chinese".)

16. Shen, Jiaxuan. 1993. "Slips of the tongue and the syllable structure." In: Essays on the Chinese Language by Contemporary Chinese Scholars, edited by Shun-chiu Yau. Paris: Centre de Recherches Linguistiques Sur L'Asie Orientale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales. Pp.139-162.

17. Shen, Xiaonan Susan and Maocan Lin. 1991. "A perceptual study of Mandarin tones 2 and 3." Language and Speech 34.2:145-156.

18. Taylor, John R. 1995. Linguistic Categorization: Prototypes in Linguistic Theory. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press. (Excerpts: Chapters 1-4, pp.1-80 (for background); Chapter 12, "Prototype categories in phonology", pp.222-238.) (Note: The 1995 second edition is identical in pagination to the first edition except for the adding of one more chapter at the end of the 1989 edition, to incorporate new developments since 1989, especially with respect to the treatment of lexical semantics.)

SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS

1. Chan, Marjorie K.M. 1993. Review of: Xiao-nan Susan Shen (1990). The Prosody of Mandarin Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press. Journal of Phonetics (1993) 21.3:343-347.

2. Chao, Yuen-Ren. 1948. "The voiced velar fricative as an initial in Mandarin." Le Maitre Phonetique 89:2-3.

3. Fromkin, Victoria A. 1973. "Slips of the tongue." Scientific American 229.6.110-117.

4. Hu, Mingyang . 1991a. "." (Phonetic value of W initial in Beijing speech). In: (Selected Writings in Linguistics). Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Chubanshe. Pp. 244-245. (Available online at the Chinese Linguistics Page (under "Sociolinguistics") as an MS Word DOC file, or click to the HTML version at this website, prepared from the original DOC file.) (GB-encoding)

5. Hu, Mingyang. 1991b. "Feminine accent in the Beijing vernacular: a sociolinguistic investigation." Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association XXVI.1:49-54. (Available online at the Chinese Linguistics Page (under "Sociolinguistics").) (Chinese version in: Hu Mingyang. 1991c. "" In: (Selected Writings in Linguistics). Beijing: Zhongguo Renmin Daxue Chubanshe. Pp. 230-243.)

6. Jakobson, Roman. 1971. "Quest for the essence of language." In: Selected Writings II. The Hague: Mouton. Pp.345-359.

7. Ohala, John J. 1994. "The frequency code underlies the sound-symbolic use of voice pitch" In: Sound Symbolism, edited by Leanne Hinton, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala. Cambridge, England: Cambridge. University Press. Pp.325-347.

8. Saussure, Ferdinand de. 1959. Course in General Linguistics, edited by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye. Translated by Wade Baskin. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co. (Excerpts: Chapter 1, "Nature of the linguistic sign", and Chapter 2, "Immutability and mutability of the sign".)

SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES

1. Chen, Gwang-tsai. 1972. "The pitch range of English and Chinese speakers." Journal of Chinese Linguistics 2.2:159-171.

2. Chen, Gwang Tsai. 1972. A Comparative Study of Pitch Range of Native Speakers of Midwestern English and Mandarin Chinese: An Acoustic Study. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin.

3. Cheng, Chin-Chuan. 1968. "English stresses and Chinese tones in Chinese sentences." Phonetica 18:77-88.

4. Goh, Yeng-Seng. 1997. The Segmental Phonology of Beijing Mandarin. Taipei: Crane Publishing Co., Ltd.

5. Gussenhoven, Carlos and Haike Jacobs. 1998. Understanding Phonology. New York: Arnold.

6. Howie, John Marshall. 1976. Acoustical Studies of Mandarin Vowels and Tones. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press.

7. Johnson, Keith. 1997. Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers.

8. Ladefoged, Peter. 1993. A Course in Phonetics. Third edition. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.

9. Liao, Rongrong. 1994. Pitch Contour Formation in Mandarin Chinese: A Study of Tone and Intonation. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University.

10. Maddieson, Ian. 1984. Patterns of Sounds. Cambridge: Cambridge U. Press.

11. Peng, Shu-Hui. 1996. Phonetic Implementation and Perception of Place Coarticulation and Tone Sandhi. Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University. (Mandarin Third Tone sandhi and place "assimilation" between Taiwanese coda and onset stops are examined. See abstract, part of OSDL.)

12. Wang, H. Samuel. 1995. Experimental Studies in Taiwanese Phonology. Taipei: Crane Publishing Co. Ltd. (It includes a discussion of segmentation of the syllable into phoneme-sized units and speech errors ('slips of the tongue'). Also addressed is the issue of the psychological reality of tone sandhi rules and related issues.)

13. Zhou, Xiaolin and William Marslen-Wilson. 1997. "The abstractness of phonological representation in the Chinese mental lexicon." In Cognitive Processing of Chinese and Related Asian Languages, edited by Husan-Chih Chen. Hong Kong: Chinese U. of Hong Kong. (On Third Tone sandhi.)

LINKS AND WWW RESOURCES

Our College and University Internet Resources.

Links to OSU Libraries' On-Line Catalog (OSCAR) and other Library Catalogs, etc.

MLA International Bibliography (part of OhioLINK's online Research Databases)

Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) [WWW (OSU Columbus Only)]

Journal of Chinese Linguistics: Index of Articles (1973- ).

Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association: Authors and Topics Indices (1966- ).

Linguistic Iconism Association

"Dissertations and MA Theses in Linguistic Iconism", links, etc.

See also: Olga Fischer and Max Nanny's Iconicity in Language: Bibiography (part of their website on Iconicity in Language and Literature), and Margaret Magnus' Bibliography of Phonosemantics.

Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks (Homepage with Table of Contents to 4 satellite pages and their contents)

1. ChinaLinks1: General Resources for Chinese Studies: search engines, publishers, Asian studies associations and journals (with indices), etc.
2. ChinaLinks2: Chinese Language Software & AV Programs: downloadable CJK fonts and decoders, IPA and Pinyin fonts, RealPlayer, etc.
3. ChinaLinks3: Chinese Language and Linguistics: Chinese dialectology, Chinese linguistics associations and journals (with tables of content/indices), conferences, as well as such websites as the Bibliography of Synchronic Phonology of Chinese Dialects, Chinese Linguistics Page (with online Chinese linguistics articles), Virtual Tutorials in Phonology (VTP) site, and my On-Line Dissertation Abstracts webpage.
4. ChinaLinks4: General Linguistics and Internet Resources: links to linguistics associations and journals (with tables of contents and indices, etc.); general references (including link to the searchable, on-line Oxford English Dictionary and other dictionaries and references), other internet resources, linguistic software and tutorials (including G. Dillon's Resources for Studying Human Speech), web-authoring tools, etc.

MC's Chinese Language and Gender On-Line Bibliography

Some web-accessible articles, online collections of gender-related course syllabi, etc.

MC's Courses and Sample Syllabi

Contains readings and references that may provide an additional source for references.

[ MC's Home Page | DEALL Home Page | MC's ChinaLinks ]
[ The Ohio State University ]

Copyright © 1996-200x Marjorie K.M. Chan. All rights reserved on course syllabus and on-line materials developed for the course. (The Chinese 782 logo background is Mirror Lake on the OSU campus.)
There were 1081 hits between 6/11/96 and 9/3/01 (293 hits from 6/11/96 to 3/20/99, and 788 hits from 3/20/99 to 9/3/01).

Created 6/6/1996. Most recent major revision: 3/20/1999 for Spring Quarter 1999. Last update: 3 September 2001. URL: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/chan9/782-s99.htm