Marjorie Chan. Chinese 681: Table 1

Table 1

Periodization of Chinese Phonology

BERNHARD KARLGREN	EDWIN G. PULLEYBLANK
PROTO-CHINESE:
The oldest stage of the Chinese language reconstructible in some form -- the period preceding the earliest literary documents	(No explicit positing of a Proto-Chinese stage per se.)
ARCHAIC CHINESE:	OLD CHINESE:
The language of the Henan region during the first Zhou centuries (from 1028 BC), as revealed partly by the rhymes in the Shijing and other early texts, and partly by xiesheng characters.	The language of ca. 600 BC, based on the Shijing and other sources
ANCIENT CHINESE:	EARLY MIDDLE CHINESE:
The language of around 600 AD codified in the Qieyun rhyme dictionary, treated as reflecting the Chang'an dialect of (what is today) Shaanxi province, under the Sui dynasty (581 - 618 AD).	The standard language of the Northern and Southern Dynasties codified in the Qieyun (601 AD), treated as reflecting the speech of the Nanjing court in the 6th c. (i.e., based on 3rd c. Luoyang speech brought to the Nanjing court).
	*LATE MIDDLE CHINESE:**
	The standard language of late Tang Chang'an speech, codified in the Yunjing (1161 preface).
MIDDLE CHINESE:
The language of the Song dynasty rhyme tables, such as the Qieyun Zhizhangtu (wrongly attributed to Sima Guang, 1067 AD, now considered a work composed between 1176 and 1203, hence later than the Yunjing).**	***
OLD MANDARIN:	EARLY MANDARIN:
The language of Ming dynasty Nanjing speech, as reflected in the dictionary, Hongwu Zhengyun (1375 AD).	The language of the Yuan dynasty based on Beijing, codified in the Menggu Ziyun (using the hP'ags-pa alphabet) and the Zhongyuan Yinyun (1324 AD) rhyme book.

* Baxter (1992: 14-15) also divides Middle Chinese into Early and Late Middle Chinese,: with Late Middle Chinese representing the language of late Tang. Ting (1992) does likewise,; with Late Middle Chinese representing middle and later Tang dynasty (ca. 700 - 900).

** On the assumption that the Qieyun Zhizhangtu was the earliest extant rhyme table,: Karlgren treated it as representing Middle Chinese and used it to interpret the Qieyun.

*** Ting (1992) has a 'Medievel Chinese period, subdivided into three subperiods:: 1. Early Medieval Chinese, representing Five Dynasties and Northern Song (ca. 900 - 1150); 2. Middle Medieval Chinese, representing Southern Song and Yuan dynasties (ca. 1150 - 1400); 3. Late Medieval Chinese, representing Ming dynasty (ca. 1400 - 1650)

REFERENCES (include the following):

Baxter, William H. 1992. A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.)
Karlgren, Bernhard. 1954. Compendium of Phonetics in Ancient and Archaic Chinese. Reprinted from Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 26:211-367.
Pulleyblank, E.G. 1984. Middle Chinese: A Study in Historical Phonology. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
Ting, Pang-hsin. 1992. "Hanyu fangyan-shi he fangyan-quyu-shi-de yanjiu." In: IHP Publication Committee (ed.). Chinese Languages and Linguistics I: Chinese Dialects. (=Symposium Series of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Number 2). Taipei, Taiwan. Pp.23-39.

URL: http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/chan9/c681/table1.htm

Table 1 Periodization of Chinese Phonology

Table 1

Periodization of Chinese Phonology