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AUTUMN QUARTER 2007 CHINESE 680 Introduction to Chinese Linguistics Professor Marjorie K.M. Chan Dept. of East Asian Langs. & Lits. The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 U.S.A.

TEXTBOOKS

1. Jerry Norman. 1988. Chinese. Cambridge U. Press. [ISBN: 0-521-29653-6 (pbk)] Required. Available from SBX (1806 N. High Street, (Tel) 291.9528).
   (Note that this textbook is also required in Chinese 681. History of the Chinese Language. OSU Libraries has a copy of the textbook, and it used to have Huiying Zhang's Chinese translation of it.)
2. Charles N. Li and Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. Berkeley: U. of California Press. [ISBN: 0-520-04286-7 (pbk)] Required. Available from SBX.
3. Additional Readings:
   Additional readings are typically e-journal articles that can be retrieved from OSU Libraries' online catalog. First, go to Ohio State University Libraries <library.osu.edu>, and under Quicklinks, select “E-Journals” and find the relevant e-journal title. Alternatively, go to OhioLINK's Electronic Journal Center (EJC) to locate the e-journal. (Note that one can also click “Search” at the EJC catalog website to locate a specific e-journal article via author name, article title, etc.) Other readings, scanned to PDF format by Electronic Reserves, will be available for downloading from Carmen.osu.edu under the current course. Additional readings will be made available during the course.

Sullivant (Main) Library Reserve and Electronic Reserves:
Some reference books are placed on Reserve in Sullivant (Main) Library (3-day loans), as well as the two textbooks (2-hour loans). (Note: Reserved materials for a given course are listed online for the current quarter only.)

Note: The William Oxley Thompson Library — a.k.a. “Main Library” — is currently under renovation. Main Library Reserve is now housed in Sullivant Library, serving as the temporary Main Library. For where collections are stored during this three-year renovation project beginning in Autumn Quarter 2006, consult the Ohio State University Libraries for changes and updates. Check Ohio State University Libraries <library.osu.edu> for an online list of books and readings placed on Reserve and on E-Reserves for Chinese 680. Under Quicklinks, select either “Reserves by Course” or “Reserves by Professor”.

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course investigates the phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, lexicon, and writing system of the Chinese language. Also covered briefly are some topics relating language to cognition, culture, and society.

COURSE OBJECTIVES & EXPECTED OUTCOMES

This course is designed to familiarize graduate students, and upper-level undergraduate students in Chinese language and literature, with some basic knowledge of the structure of Mandarin (modern standard) Chinese. The course investigates the phonology and grammar of the language from a functional — as well as cognitive — perspective. A few readings have also been included for more detailed study of select topics. In addition, the course examines the Chinese writing system, and introduces some sociolinguistic and cognitive linguistic issues for discussion. This course serves to prepare students for more advanced courses in Chinese linguistics, from theoretical as well as pedagogical perspectives. Students are expected at the end of the course to have gained a basic knowledge of the linguistic structure of the Chinese as well as some information on such topics as the Chinese writing system. The student should be able to use that foundation to proceed to advanced graduate courses and graduate seminars in Chinese linguistics. A student with a strong Chinese language background should also be able to apply knowledge gained in the course to conduct more advance research on linguistic issues.

COURSE CONTENT

The course will be conducted through lectures combined with class discussions of assigned readings, individual and small-group assignments in class, and students' presentation of homework assignments and their individual research project.

STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Read and reflect on all assigned readings prior to class lectures and discussion.
2. Attend class regularly, and participate actively in class discussions and individual/group activities.
3. Submit three homework assignments (each about 4 pages (about 3 pages for undergraduate students), double-spaced, not including references).[1]
4. For the term paper project:
   • Turn in a one-page, double-spaced, term paper proposal with select references in Week 6. Submit a digital copy to the Dropbox for the course at Carmen.osu.edu.
   • Present an oral version of the term paper project at the end of the quarter.[2]
   • Submit a term paper in hardcopy and digital format (about 12 pages (about 10 pages for undergraduate students), double-spaced, not including references and images, if any).[3]
5. All course assignments in digital format are to be uploaded to your Dropbox in Carmen.osu.edu under Chinese 680.

[1] These may be a combination of short reactions papers and written responses to specific questions from the instructor based on the readings. The assignments should be submitted in hardcopy format and in digital format (RTF, PDF, or HTML format).

[2] Prepare a digital file in PowerPoint format for a PowerPoint presentation in class.

[3] Submit the term paper in hardcopy format and in digital format (RTF, DOC, PDF, or HTML). (If some other digital format is used, be sure to discuss it with the instructor first.)

DISABILITY SERVICES

Students with disabilities that have been certified by the Office for Disability Services will be appropriately accommodated, and should inform the instructor as soon as possible of their needs. The Office for Disability Services is located in 150 Pomerene Hall, 1760 Neil Avenue (Tel: 292.3307. TDD: 292.0901)

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY (ACADEMIC MISCONDUCT)

Academic integrity is essential to maintaining an environment that fosters excellence in teaching, research, and other educational and scholarly activities. Failure to follow the rules and guidelines established in OSU's Code of Student Conduct may constitute “Academic Misconduct.” OSU's Code of Student Conduct (section 3335-23-04 Prohibited conduct) defines as academic misconduct “[a]ny activity that tends to compromise the academic integrity of the university, or subvert the educational process.” Examples of academic misconduct include (but are not limited to) plagiarism, collusion (unauthorized collaboration), copying the work of another student, possession of unauthorized materials during an examination, and submission of the same work for credit in two (or more) courses. Ignorance of the University's Code of Student Conduct is never considered an “excuse” for academic misconduct; hence, be sure to review the sections dealing with academic misconduct in the Code of Student Conduct. Be sure also to read the University's Ten Suggestions for Preserving Academic Integrity and/or the Eight Cardinal Rules of Academic Integrity (from Northwestern U.). The University's policy on academic misconduct will be enforced in accordance with Faculty Rule 3335-5-54, and all alleged cases of academic misconduct will be reported to the Office of Academic Affairs' Committee on Academic Misconduct (COAM) for resolution. In addition, graduate students should be familiar with the Graduate Student Code of Research and Scholarly Conduct (pdf). Students with questions concerning the University's policies or questions concerning academic or research misconduct are encouraged to ask the instructor any time during the quarter.

GRADING

There will be no midterm or final examination. Grading will be based on:

Class discussions/participation	30%
Homework assignments (3)	30%
Research project (all phases)	40%
	------
	100%

SCHEDULE

Classes are held on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
This is a preliminary schedule. Activities and reading selections may be modified when the quarter begins.

WEEK 1
	9/20   Orientation and Introduction Carmen course management system; library facilities; software for linguistic research (concordancers, transcribers, speech-analysis software, etc.). Read ahead for next Thursday's class Suppl. (Optional) Readings: Chan (2002, 2003)

WEEK 2

9/25   Articulatory Phonetics: Place and Manner of Articulation International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) . International Phonetic Association and downloadable audio files (wav files) accompanying the languages illustrated in the Handbook of the IPA SIL's Unicode-based IPA font: Doulos SIL font -- IPA Help The Sounds of the IPA (CD-ROM) Vowels and Consonants (CD ROM Supplement), P. Ladefoged 2005 U. of Victoria's Phonetic Database (CD ROM) Speech Internet Dictionary (SID) (online searchable dictionary with illustrations and audio files; use the “Page” pull-down menu to select terms beginning with 'A', 'B', 'C', etc.) Phonetics Resources: Phones & Phonemes of English Explore the above links and read ahead for Thursday's class.

9/27   The Chinese Language: Dialects, Standards, and Changes Readings: Guo (2004) Swihart (2003) Li (2004) - skim Li & Thompson, Ch.1 (background reading) Norman, Ch.6.1-6.2 (background reading) Suppl. Reading: Li (1973) Linguistic Map: China (U. Texas Lib., 161k) Sino-Tibetan: Chinese (SIL's Ethnologue) Chinese Dialects (Glossika) C785: Modern Chinese Dialects

WEEK 3
10/2   Phonetics, Phonology, and Variation IPA charts, romanization charts, etc. Sound files, waveforms, F0 tracings, etc. Readings: Norman, Ch.6.3-6.8 Zhang (2005) Suppl. Reading: Shen (1989) Suppl. Readings: Chao (1968, Ch.1.3.6 (stress), Ch.1.3.7 (intonation) Speech Analysis Tutorial MC's ChinaLinks: Romanization Charts	10/04   In-Class Recording and Speech Analysis Commercial products & freeware / shareware for speech analysis     Comparison of utterances: Chinese 580 (Au00): Set 1 | Set 2 | Set 3 Chinese 680 (Au00): Set 4 | Set 5 Due: Homework Assignment 1.

WEEK 4
10/08   Typological Description and Grammar Readings: Li & Thompson, Ch.2 Norman, Ch.7.1-7.5	10/11   Word Structure: Spoken and Signed Language Readings: Li & Thompson, Ch.3 Tai (2005)

WEEK 5
10/16   Body Parts and the Metaphorical Use of Language Readings: Yu (2000, 2003, 2004) C889 seminar on Chinese corpus linguistics Due: Homework Assignment 2.	10/18   Simple Declarative Sentences Readings: Li & Thompson, Ch.4 Norman, Ch.7.6

WEEK 6
10/23   Temporal Reference and the Two Le's Readings: Li & Thompson, Ch.6.1 & 7.1 Suppl. Reading: Chan (1980) Due: One-page project proposal and select references.	10/25   Negation and Verb Copying Readings: Li & Thompson, Ch.12 & 13

WEEK 7
10/30   Ba and Bei Constructions Readings: Li & Thompson, Ch.15 & 16	11/01   Imperatives and Questions Readings: Li & Thompson, Ch.14 & 18

WEEK 8
11/06   Pragmatics and Sentence-Final Particles Readings: Li & Thompson, Ch.7 Wu (2005) C889 seminar: “Intonation and SFPs”	11/08   Language Use in Context: Spoken Discourse Readings: Sun (2004) Wang and Tsai (2005) Kuo and Nakamura (2005) Due: Homework Assignment 3.

WEEK 9
11/13   The Chinese Script and China's Language Policy Readings: Coulmas (1989) Rohsenow (2004) Suppl. readings: Boltz (1996), Chan (2005)	11/15   Language, Society, and Changing Modes of Written Communication Readings: Norman, Ch. 10 (background reading: Ch. 7.7) Gao (2006) Guest lecturer: Hana Kang (Ph.D. Candidate, DEALL)

WEEK 10
11/20   Putonghua, Local Speech, and Language Attitudes Readings: Zhou (2001) Saillard (2004) Lai (2005) Suppl. reading: Blum (2004)	11/22   No Class Thanksgiving (Columbus Day observed)

WEEK 11
11/27   Student Presentations	11/29   Student Presentations

WEEK 12:   EXAM WEEK
Term paper due: Monday, 3 December 2007, 5:00 p.m. (Note: Request for extension must be made by the start of Week 11.)

READINGS

1. Norman, Jerry. 1988. Chinese. Cambridge U. Press. [PL1075 .N67 1988]
2. Li, Charles N. and Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. Berkeley: U. of California Press. [PL1107 .L5 1981]

ADDITIONAL READINGS

Retrieve e-journal articles at OSU Libraries (click under Quicklinks to select “E-Journals”) or go to OhioLINK's Electronic Journal Center (EJC) to locate the e-journal. (At the EJC website, one can also click “Search” at the top menubar to search the database for the specific e-journal article via searching by “Any Field” (default setting), “Article Title”, “Author Name”, etc.) Readings scanned to PDF format by Electronic Reserves for this quarter's offering of Chinese 680 are available for downloading at Carmen. Other readings will be made available during the course.

(For reference: Charts, figures, tables.)

1. Coulmas, Florian. 1989. The Writing Systems of the World. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, Inc. (Excerpt: Chapter 6, An alternative to the alphabet: The Chinese writing system, pp. 91-110.
2. Gao, Liwei. 2006. Language contact and convergence in computer-mediated communication. World Englishes 25.2:299-308. [OSU e-journal article]
3. Guo, Longsheng. 2004. The relationship between Putonghua and Chinese dialects. In: Minglang Zhou (ed.), Language Policy in the People's Republic of China: Theory and Practice Since 1949. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Pages 45-53.
4. Kuo, Sai-hua and Mari Nakamura. 2005. Translation or transformation? A case study of language and ideology in the Taiwanese press. Discourse & Society 16.3.393–417. [OSU e-journal article]
5. Lai, Mee-ling. 2005. Language attitudes of the first postcolonial generation in Hong Kong secondary schools. Language in Society 34:363-388. [OSU e-journal article]
6. Li, Chris Wen-Chao. 2004. Conflicting notions of language purity: the interplay of archaising, ethnographic, reformist, elitist and xenophobic purism in the perception of Standard Chinese. Language and Communication 24.2: 97-133. [OSU e-journal article]
7. Rohsenow, John S. 2004. Fifty years of script and written language reform in the PRC: The genesis of the Language Law of 2001. In: Minglang Zhou (editor), Language Policy in the People's Republic of China: Theory and Practice Since 1949. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Pages 21-43.
   [Also see PRC's 2000 language and script law (中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法) at URL 1 or URL 2 (GB).]
8. Saillard, Claire. 2004. On the promotion of Putonghua in China: How a standard language becomes a vernacular. In: Minglang Zhou (ed.), Language Policy in the People's Republic of China: Theory and Practice Since 1949. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Pages 163-176.
9. Sun, Hao. 2004. Opening moves in informal Chinese telephone conversations. Journal of Pragmatics 36.8: 1429-1465. [OSU e-journal article]
10. Swihart, De-An Wu. 2003. The two Mandarins: Putonghua and Guoyu. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 38.3:103-118.
11. Tai, James H.-Y. 2005. Modality Effects: Iconicity in Taiwan Sign Language. In: Dah-an Ho and Ovid J. L. Tzeng (editors), POLA FOREVER: Festschrift in Honor of Professor William S-Y. Wang on his 70TH Birthday. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica. Pages 19-36. [See PDF file (pre-publication copy) at J. Tai's publication webpage.]
12. Wang, Yu-fang and Pi-Hua Tsai. 2005. Hao in spoken Chinese discourse: Relevance and coherence. Language Sciences 27 (2005) 215-243. [OSU e-journal article]
13. Wu, Ruey-Jiuan Regina. 2005. 'There is more here than meets the eye!': The use of final ou in two sequential positions in Mandarin Chinese conversation. Journal of Pragmatics 37 (2005) 967-995. [OSU e-journal article]
14. Yu, Ning. 2000. Figurative uses of finger and palm in Chinese and English. Metaphor and Symbol 15.3:159-175. [OSU e-journal article]
15. Yu, Ning. 2003. Metaphor, body, and culture: The Chinese understanding of gallbladder and courage. Metaphor and Symbol 18.1: 13-31. [OSU e-journal article]
16. Yu, Ning. 2004. The eyes for sight and mind. Journal of Pragmatics 36: 663-686. [OSU e-journal article]
17. Zhang, Qing. 2005. A Chinese yuppie in Beijing: Phonological variation and the construction of a new professional identity. Language in Society 34, 431-466. [OSU e-journal article]
18. Zhou, Minglang. 2001. The spread of Putonghua and language attitude changes in Shanghai and Guangzhou, China. Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 11.2: 231-253.

SOME SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS AND REFERENCES

SOME ONLINE RESOURCES

• Ohio State University:
  • Ohio State University Libraries. Ohio State's online catalogues, as well as links to OhioLINK Catalog, WorldCat, etc. Search the Online catalogue for books, journals, e-journals, books and other materials reserved for a course, etc.
  • Indices/Tables of Content of some Chinese linguistics journals that are subscribed by OSU Libraries:
    • Journal of Chinese Linguistics: Index of Articles (1973- ).
    • Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association: Authors and Topics Indices (1966- ).
    • Journal of East Asian Linguistics: Table of Contents of Published Issues (1992- ).
    • Yuyan Jiaoxue Yu Yanjiu [English title: Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies] (No online indices — Main (EAS): PL1004 .Y827)
    • Yuyan Yanjiu: Table of Contents Index (Eng./GB) (1981- ); (Main: PL1004 .Y84)
      Part of Wenze Hu and Hongyin Tao's Chinese Linguistics Page.
    • Zhongguo Yuwen: Table of Contents Index (GB for now, Eng. under construction) (1995- ).
  • Chinese Collection at OSU Libraries. This is part of the East Asian Collection that is currently housed in Ackerman Library. Ohio State has an extensive Chinese-language collection of books and periodicals to support teaching and research. Chinese-language audio-visual materials, including video and audiotapes and non-data CD-ROMs and DVDs, are one part of the Chinese collection that is kept on the main campus at the Sullivant (Main) Library.
    
    Chinese-language linguistics journal titles subscribed by OSU Libraries, originally provided by Guoqing Li, Chinese Studies Librarian (9/19/01 guest lecture in C680), with romanization converted from Wade-Giles to Pinyin, and Chinese characters added:
    • Zhongguo yu wen 中国语文 (Renmin Jiaoyu Chubanshe) PL1004 .C44 (bimonthly)
    • Zhongguo yu wen 中國語文 (Taipei, Taiwan) PL1004 .C5 (monthly)
    • Zhongguo yu wen tong xun 中國語文通訊. PL1004 .C57 (bimonthly)
    • Han zi wen hua 漢字文化. PL1281 .H365 (quarterly)
    • Hanyu Xuexi 汉语学习. PL1004 .H35 (bimonthly)
    • Yuwen Jiaoxue Tongxun 语文教学通讯. PL1004 .Y74 (monthly)
    • Yu wen jian she tong xun 語文建設通訊 (Hong Kong). PL1175 .A1 H35Y8 (quarterly)
    • Yuwen Xuexi 语文学习 (Renmin Jiaoyu Chubanshe). PL1004 .Y8 (monthly; 1954-1959,2004)
    • Yuwen Xuexi 语文学习 (Shanghai Shifan Daxue) PL1004 Y824 (monthly)
    • Yuwenyuekan 语文月刊. PL1004 .Y8267
  • OhioLINK's Electronic Journal Center (EJC) available for OSU users.
  • ISTOR – Depository for back issues of various journals, including e-journals, available for OSU users.
  • ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Proquest's database contains citations for dissertations and theses done at U.S., Canadian and some foreign institutions. Free PDFs of all dissertations published since 1997. (Licensed for OSU academic use only.)
  • Center for the Study and Teaching of Writing (CSTW). Excellent resources, "handouts", tutorials, etc., to assist undergraduate students — and those for whom English is a second (or third) foreign language — in their research and writing. The Center also provides a web page on plagiarism, giving a definition of plagiarism, together with a set of Basic Citation Rules and Examples, including use of direct quotes versus paraphrasing, etc. To cite books for this course, one recommendation is to use the sciences style for bibliography and in-text citations in the Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guide, available online from OSU Libraries.
  • net.TUTOR (OSU Libraries' set of online tutorials, such as developing research skills in using WWW and other Net resources)
• Student Resources for Compositions and Sources: Their Use and Acknowledgement (Composition Center, Dartmouth College)
  NOTE: How to cite a webpage -- include three pieces of information: title, URL, and date of access – for example:

  Marjorie Chan's Chinese 680: Introduction to Chinese Linguistics <http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/chan9/c680.htm> (Autumn 2007) [Accessed 20 September 2007].
  
  (Or click here to cite this particular web page using "copy-and-paste." Hit "BACK" on your web browser to return to this part of the web page.)

• On-line Resources for Documenting Electronic Sources (Online Writing Lab, Purdue University)
• Journals available from Multilingual Matters. Online issues of e-journals that may or may not be subscribed by OSU/OhioLINK; e-journals include: International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Current Issues in Language Planning, Current Issues in Language & Society, International Journal of Multilingualism, Journal of Multicultural Discourses, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, Language Awareness, Language and Intercultural Communication, Language Culture and Curriculum, and Language and Education.
• Journal Abstracts and Full-Text (Blackwell Synergy Search Engine) Online search of articles from 873 leading journals published by Blackwell, including those in social and behavioral sciences, of which a subgroup is "language and linguistics". Access to abstracts and full-text (PDF files) also if OSU Libraries subscribes to a given e-journal.
• Linguist List: 2007 Tables of Contents (TOC) (for some linguistic journals, and links to back issues as well)
• Google:
  • Google Scholar. Search Google Scholar for books and online articles.
  • Google Book Search. Search for books by entering a keyword or phrase. Clicking on a book title provides some basic information about the book, and potentially a few snippets (i.e., a few sentences containing your keyword or phrase in context) or full pages, or the entire book, if it is out of copyright. A search can also be conducted within the original search to further refine the search. Explore the website for further features.
  • Google Video. Search for videos and video excerpts.
• OSU Office of Responsible Research Practices (ORRP). The Institutional Review Board (IRB), administered under the ORRP, oversees research activities at OSU, including research involving Human Subjects. "All research activities involving human subjects must be reviewed and approved by an IRB unless the Office of Responsible Research Practices prospectively determines that the research falls into a category of exemption established by federal regulation." The ORRP holds regular Workshops for faculty and graduate students, including those aimed specifically at students, such as workshops on "IRB Training for OSU Students." The website also has a page on News & Announcements, which has links to the online Buck-IRB Newsletter.
• OSU Undergraduate Research Office. Information sessions on opportunities for undergraduate students to engage in research, regularly scheduled IRB Staff Assistance for Student Researchers, etc.
• OSU College of Humanities. Information on undergraduate / graduate student funding opportunities, faculty, departments and units in the College, etc.
• OSU Institute of Chinese Studies (ICS). The ICS is "a center for scholarly research, student training, and public programming about the Chinese-speaking world for OSU faculty, students, the P-12 community, business and government, and members of the general public."
• OSU East Asian Studies Center (EASC). The Title VI NRC/FLAS East Asian Studies Center (EASC) at The Ohio State University's mission is "the broad dissemination of basic knowledge and advanced research on the cultures, languages, history, politics, and economies of East Asia."
• Chinese Culture Club. The CCC's mission is to promote the study of Chinese language and culture throughout Ohio State Univeristy and the surrounding community. Events include guest speakers, performers, film-showings, etc.
• MC's Course-Related Bibliographies and Other Resources:
  • Marjorie Chan's Chinese Language and Gender On-Line Bibliography. Bibliography, some web-accessible articles, online collections of gender-related course syllabi, etc.
  • Marjorie Chan's Online Bibliography for Chinese 580. Bibliography of English-language sources compiled in Spring 1999 for the undergraduate course, Chinese 580 (Chinese Language: Description and Analysis); updated periodically.
  • Marjorie Chan's Modern Chinese Dialects Bibliography. Bibliography of articles and references that were extracted from the Spring 2004 Chinese 785 course syllabus, and is updated from time to time.
  • Marjorie Chan's Word Lists and Online Glossaries/Dictionaries. Annotated links to online and downloadable Chinese word lists, frequency lists, dictionaries, etc.
• Marjorie Chan's ChinaLinks (ChinaLInks.osu.edu). Anotated links to Chinese culture, language, and linguistics. Also hosted under ChinaLinks.osu.edu site is the 20th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-20), to be held at The Ohio State University on 25-27 April 2008.
• MC's Courses and Archived Course Syllabi. Course syllabi contain readings and references that may provide an additional source for references.

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Originally created on 6 June 1996; revised since for each course offering, with the most recent major revision for Autumn Quarter 2007.
Last update: 27 September 2007.

The photo used as the logo was originally from the website of the Dr. Sun Yat-Sen Classical Chinese Garden (中山公園). This garden, which is located in Vancouver Chinatown, Canada, and just half a block from my mother's dwelling, is the only full-sized classical Chinese garden outside China. Although built in the 1980's, it used the ancient techniques of the originals that were built in the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).

Copyright © 1996-2007 Marjorie K.M. Chan. All rights reserved on course syllabus and online materials developed for the course. If you have difficulty accessing any portion of this web page or need the information in an alternative format, please contact the instructor at <chan.9 @ osu.edu> (close the gap).